A Nuclear Power Plant Leaked Contaminated Water in Minnesota. Here’s What We Know via NPR


Minnesota officials are monitoring the cleanup of a 400,000 gallon leak of contaminated water from a nuclear power plant in the city of Monticello run by the energy giant Xcel Energy. Officials said there is no danger from the leak.

The leak was detected nearly four months ago and reported to state and federal regulators. The federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission posted a notice publicly at the time, but the company and state agencies did not notify the general public until last week.

“Xcel Energy took swift action to contain the leak to the plant site, which poses no health and safety risk to the local community or the environment,” the company announced in a statement on Thursday. Ongoing monitoring has confirmed that the leak “is fully contained on-site and has not been detected beyond the facility or in any local drinking water,” the company said.

Xcel confirmed the leak of water containing tritium in November 2022 and notified officials the same day, according to the company’s announcement. Officials attributed the leak to a water pipe running between two buildings at the plant site. The amount of contaminated water that leaked out is enough to fill an Olympic-sized swimming pool about 60% full.

[…]

“Many operating nuclear plants have had some level of tritium leakage at some point during their operations,” Nygard said.

Michael Rafferty, a spokesperson for the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, told NPR the agency waited to get more information before announcing it to the public.

“Minnesota state agencies are deeply committed to our role in protecting human health and the environment and take seriously our responsibility to promptly inform the public when a situation presents any sort of current or imminent risk,” Rafferty said. “The situation at Xcel Energy’s Monticello site did not — and still does not — present an imminent threat to residents’ health.”

Officials with the federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission did not immediately respond to requests for comment. A spokesperson for the NRC, Victoria Mitlyng, told a local news station that the public’s concern was “very understandable,” and emphasized that “the public in Minnesota, the people, the community near the plant, was not and is not in danger.”

What is tritium?

Tritium is a naturally occurring form of hydrogen that emits a weak form of radiation, which can’t travel far in air or penetrate skin, according to the NRC.

Tritium is also a byproduct of producing electricity in nuclear power plants, and the dose of tritium that comes from nuclear power plants is much lower than exposures from radiation present in the natural environment, according to the NRC. Xcel said the tritium levels in the leaked water were below NRC safety thresholds.

“Everyone is exposed to small amounts of tritium every day, because it occurs naturally in the environment and the foods we eat,” according to an NRC fact sheet.

Any radiation exposure can pose some health risk, including increased occurrence of cancer. The risks of exposure are linear, meaning lower levels of radiation pose lower risk.

Eating or drinking food or water with tritium in it is the most common way it enters the body. It can also be absorbed through the skin. About half of it leaves the body within 10 days after exposure.

The cleanup will take months

Xcel says it has recovered about 25% of the tritium-contaminated water that leaked, and recovery efforts will continue over the course of the next year.

“While this leak does not pose a risk to the public or the environment, we take this very seriously and are working to safely address the situation,” Chris Clark, president of Xcel Energy–Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota, said in the company’s statement. “We continue to gather and treat all potentially affected water while regularly monitoring nearby groundwater sources.”

To contain the leak, the water is being diverted to a treatment system inside the plant, which prevents water from leaving the plant. Xcel said it also inspected all of its piping to ensure this wasn’t also happening elsewhere in the facility.

The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency said Xcel is considering building above ground storage tanks or installing a retention pond to store the water containing tritium that has been recovered, as well as considering treatment, reuse and disposal options. Minnesota regulators will review any options the company selects, MPCA said.

“Our top priority is protecting residents and the environment, and the MPCA is working closely with other state agencies to oversee Xcel Energy’s monitoring data and cleanup activities,” said Kirk Koudelka, MPCA assistant commissioner for land and strategic initiatives. “We are working to ensure this cleanup is concluded as thoroughly as possible with minimal or no risk to drinking water supplies.”

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 事故後12年の原発政策 根拠薄弱な方針転換だ

via 佐賀新聞

巨大地震と津波が世界最悪クラスの原発事故を引き起こした日から12年。われわれは今年、この日をこれまでとは全く違った状況の中で迎えることになった。

 「2030年代に原発稼働ゼロを可能とするよう、あらゆる政策資源を投入する」とした民主党政権の政策は、自民党政権下で後退したものの、原発依存度は「可能な限り低減する」とされていた。岸田文雄首相はさしたる議論もないままこの政策を大転換し、原発の最大限の活用を掲げた。

 今なお、収束の見通しが立っていない悲惨な事故の経験と、この12年間で大きく変わった世界のエネルギーを取り巻く情勢とを無視した「先祖返り」ともいえるエネルギー政策の根拠は薄弱で、将来に大きな禍根を残す。今年の3月11日を、事故の教訓やエネルギーを取り巻く現実に改めて目を向け、政策の軌道修正を進める契機とするべきだ。

 ロシアのウクライナ侵攻が一因となったエネルギー危機や化石燃料使用がもたらした気候危機に対処するため、原発の活用が重要だというのが政策転換の根拠だ。

 だが、東京電力福島第1原発事故は、大規模集中型の巨大な電源が一瞬にして失われることのリスクがいかに大きいかを示した。小規模分散型の再生可能エネルギーを活用する方がこの種のリスクは小さいし、深刻化する気候危機に対しても強靱(きょうじん)だ。昨年、フランスでは熱波の影響で冷却ができなくなり、多くの原発が運転停止を迫られたことは記憶に新しい。

 原発が気候危機対策に貢献するという主張の根拠も薄弱だ。気候危機に立ち向かうためには、25年ごろには世界の温室効果ガス排出を減少に向かわせ、30年までに大幅な削減を実現することが求められている。原発の新増設はもちろん、再稼働も、これにはほとんど貢献しない。計画から発電開始までの時間が短い再エネの急拡大が答えであることは世界の常識となりつつある。

 岸田首相の新方針は、時代遅れとなりつつある原発の活用に多大な政策資源を投入する一方で、気候危機対策の主役である再エネ拡大のための投資や制度改革には見るべきものがほとんどない。

 この12年の間、安全対策などのために原発のコストは上昇傾向にある一方で、再エネのコストは急激に低下した。原発の運転期間を延ばせば、さらなる老朽化対策が必要になる可能性もあるのだから、原発の運転期間延長も発電コスト削減への効果は極めて限定的だろう。

 透明性を欠く短時間の検討で、重大な政策転換を決めた手法も受け入れがたい。

 米ローレンスバークリー国立研究所などの研究グループは最近、蓄電池導入や送電網整備、政策の後押しなどにより日本で35年に再エネの発電比率を70~77%まで増やせるとの分析を発表した。

[…]

いくらそれらしい理屈と言葉を並べ立てたとしても、科学的な根拠が薄く、決定過程に正当性のないエネルギー政策は、机上の空論に終わるだろう。(共同通信・井田徹治)

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<社説>新たな津波想定/命を守る行動捉え直す契機に via 神戸新聞

[…]

津波の新たな浸水想定は、2011年12月に施行された「津波防災地域づくり法」に基づく。兵庫を含む40都道府県で作る必要があり、東京都を除いて公表済みだ。

 3県の新想定は、数百~千年に1回と発生頻度は極めて低いものの、防潮堤が壊れ、満潮時などの悪条件が重なった場合を前提に、津波の高さや浸水範囲を試算した。

 新想定によると、浸水域の広さは岩手県で100平方キロ、宮城県で391平方キロ、福島県で139平方キロに達する。3県合わせた浸水域の面積は東日本大震災時の約1・3倍に上る。各地で市町村の庁舎が浸水したり避難タワーが使えなくなったりするが、ハード対策に多額の追加費用を投じるのは困難な状況だ。

移転先も浸水の恐れ

 広大な浸水域から命をどう守るのか。復興まちづくりが一段落した段階で新たな対応を迫られる被災地の人々には割り切れない思いが強い。

 「行政が安全安心だという場所に自宅を再建したのに、今になって津波が来ると言われても、どうすればいいのか」。津波が襲い、約750人が犠牲になった宮城県名取市の閖上(ゆりあげ)地区で町内会長を務める長沼俊幸さん(60)の疑問は尽きない。

 震災後、3メートルほどかさ上げして整備された市街地は海岸から約1・5キロ離れている。一戸建てと復興住宅などが混在し、約310世帯が暮らす。当初の市の浸水想定は「1メートル未満」で、近くの公民館か小中一貫校に逃げれば大丈夫と考えていた。

しかし、県が示した新想定では「3メートル以上5メートル未満」とされた。地区で最も高い6階建ての復興住宅の屋上へ「垂直避難」を検討するが、冬季夜間の避難は寒さによる低体温症のリスクが気がかりだ。

 長沼さんは「震災を経験していない新住民も増えている。国や県は浸水想定を公表するだけでなく、避難可能な屋内施設や訓練などの対策も示してほしい」と求める。市は住民説明会でハザードマップを見直す方針を示し「避難を優先し、命を守る行動を」と繰り返すばかりで、目立った進展はない。長沼さんの脳裏には12年前の悪夢がよぎる。

避難ルールの徹底を

 東日本大震災では大津波警報の発令後も逃げなかった人がおり、被害拡大につながった。同じ過ちを決して繰り返してはならない。一人一人が避難できる場所やそこへ向かう手段を平時から確認しておきたい。

 注意しなければならないのが、避難時の車の使用だ。国は「徒歩避難が原則」としている。だが南海トラフ地震の津波が予想される兵庫など西日本各地でも、車での避難を「必要」と捉える自治体は多い。一方、避難計画で具体的なルールを定めている自治体はごく一部とされる。

 東日本では道路の被災や渋滞で逃げ遅れた例もある。自治体は地形など地域の特性も考慮して計画の実効性を担保し、住民の理解を得られるよう丁寧に説明すべきだ。高齢者や障害者ら支援が必要な人の避難対策の強化も欠かせない。

 「最悪」に備え、犠牲者を一人でも減らす。それにはやり残したことがまだある。自治体の負担を軽減する国の財政支援や地域防災計画の抜本的見直しも急がねばならない。

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これが復興の目玉? 謎だらけの「福島国際研究機構」 モデルは「核礼賛の地」、軍事転用可能な研究も via 東京新聞

 東京電力福島第一原発事故で被災した福島県の沿岸部、いわゆる浜通り。新産業創出の中核として、政府が同県浪江町に開設するのが「福島国際研究教育機構」だ。モデルにされたのは米国の核施設の周辺地域。原子力や核兵器を礼賛する地だ。「こちら特報部」はかねて問題視してきたが、四月の開設に向けて準備が進み、誘致合戦も起きた。こんな形の「復興」でいいのか。(木原育子、宮畑譲)

[…]

◆米国の「放射能汚染から復興」を参考

 この機構は20年6月、復興庁の有識者会議がまとめた原発事故の被災地復興に関する報告書がベースになっている。

 報告書が機構のモデルにしたのが、米国ワシントン州のハンフォード核施設周辺だった。「こちら特報部」は当時から、この地域の特殊性を指摘していた。

 ハンフォードについて、報告書は「軍事用のプルトニウムが精製され、放射能汚染に見舞われたが、環境浄化のために多くの研究機関や企業が集積し、廃炉や除染以外の産業発展に結び付いた」と復興の成功例のように位置付けた。1940年には1万8000人ほどの人口が、2020年には30万人近くに達したとし、「全米でも有数の繁栄都市」と絶賛した。ただ、ハンフォードは原爆の開発拠点の一つで、原子力が礼賛される地域という事実には触れなかった。

 以後も政府は準備を進め、沿岸部の9市町が誘致合戦を繰り広げた。核礼賛の地をモデルにした点について、地元自治体はどう捉えているのか。

 機構が設置される浪江町の磯貝智也・企画財政課課長補佐は「ゼロから復興していったという意味でのモデル。ハンフォードと福島の事情は別物だ」と距離を取り「それよりも、五つの重要分野は決まったが、具体的な内容は決まっていない。スピード感を持ってほしい」と国や県に注文する。

 誘致を目指した広野町復興企画課の小松和真課長も「構想の具現化にはまだまだといった様相だ。早く復興を進めたい」と、地元に寄与する中身を求めた。

◆機構での研究は特定秘密に?住民警戒

 核を礼賛する地域を手本とした拠点づくりに、警戒の動きが出ている。

 福島県内の住民グループ「放射能ゴミ焼却を考えるふくしま連絡会」の和田央子さんらは昨年10月、「福島イノベーション・コースト構想を監視する会」を結成。大学教授らを招いて月1回の勉強会を開き、その内容をインターネットで公開している。

 和田さんは「原発事故というマイナスをプラスに変えようとしているのだろうが、負の側面を厚化粧して覆い隠そうとしている」と厳しい目を向ける。機構が司令塔として新産業を創出していく構想についても「原発で利益を出した企業が、また利益を出す構図になっていないか」と問題提起する。

 監視する会は、機構の下で研究が進められる先端技術が軍事転用されることも危ぶんでいる。機構の重要分野「ロボット」には水素ドローンの開発も一例に挙げられている。

 会の勉強会で講義をした東北大の井原聡名誉教授(科学技術史)は「福島の復興を語りながら、福島の生業の復興ではなく、外部からの新産業移植、国家的イノベーション都市建設のテストケースだ」とみる。「廃炉研究が第一のはずが、いろんな柱ができて影が薄くなってしまった。どこに力点があるのか。しかも、それに復興の予算を使うという。何重にも問題があると感じている」と機構の意義そのものを疑問視する。

 機構は人材育成の場でもあることをうたうが、軍事転用可能な国家プロジェクトが研究内容になれば、特定秘密に指定される可能性もある。京都大の駒込武教授(教育史)は「研究者は公表する研究成果が業績となり、地位を築いていく。公にできない研究をしても機構の外で仕事はできない。若い研究者は集まらないのではないか」と予測する。さらに、「研究というのは自由があってこそ成功する。内容は別にしても、国が期限や予算を決めた研究では、おそらくうまくいかないだろう」と付け加える。

 機構は福島第一原発に近い浪江町につくられる。その原発は軍と浅からぬ縁がある。

 既に日中戦争が始まり、太平洋戦争の開戦が近づいていた1940(昭和15)年、旧日本陸軍が現在の福島第一原発所在地に「磐城飛行場」の建設を決めた。飛行場は終戦間際、特攻隊の訓練施設として使われ、米軍の空襲を受けた。跡地には碑が建てられ、今も当時を伝えている。

 特攻隊が訓練していた場所の近くで、軍事転用が可能とみられる研究が行われる施設をつくることは、地元に複雑な感情を与えかねない。

 被災地につくられる機構について、福島県の取材を続けるフリーライターの吉田千亜さんは「福島から事故後、避難してしまった人は関われない。原発事故と復興が利用されているのではないか」といぶかる。

 復興庁は昨年8月に発表した「新産業創出等研究開発基本計画」で、機構を中心に産学連携による日本の科学技術力の向上を前面に出した。こうしたことからも、吉田さんは機構が復興のためになるのかという疑念がぬぐえないでいる。

 「産・官・学の連携や科学技術力の向上が重点になっている。集う研究者の中には『復興のために』と思っている人もたくさんいると信じたい。しかし、機構が地元に与える影響は限定的だろう」と冷ややかな見方を示した上で、こう強調する。「そもそも、地元の人がどれだけ望んでいるのか、という議論も見えない。上から降ってくる復興が地元の人たちのためになるのか」

◆デスクメモ

 東京大空襲が起きたのは78年前の3月10日。5カ月後、広島と長崎に原爆が投下され、終戦を迎える。そうした経緯と関係が深いハンフォードを手本にした施設を原発事故の被災地につくるのは、すっきりしない。新産業創出という美名のもと、負の歴史にふたをしていないか。(北)

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 3・11から12年 つながりが生きる力に via 東京新聞

 福島から娘たちを避難させた選択は間違いではなかったと、無事に成人して安堵(あんど)している。その一方、自分たちだけが逃げ出したような負い目から逃れられない−。

東京電力福島第一原発事故からの十二年は、今は京都市に住む団体職員の高木久美子さん(56)=写真=にとって、葛藤の渦の中で過ごした時間でもありました。

[…]

◆自主避難の葛藤の中で

 京都では放射線の心配から解放されましたが、夫との別れが待っていました。

 「一緒に避難を」と説得しましたが、夫は「そこには四十歳すぎの男に仕事はない」。夫婦の溝は埋まらず、避難の翌年、離婚に至ります。父親と会えないことは娘たちを不安定にし、不登校になった次女は「お父さんに会いたい」と言って泣きました。

 いわきの家は夫婦で働いて建てた家でした。家を出るときに持ってきた家族写真には、娘たちと若い母親の自分が写っています。撮ったのは夫…。家族と離れる夫のつらさも、今なら分かりますが、原発事故は思いやりも正気も奪い、多くの家族に苦悩と離散をもたらしました。

 「事故さえなかったら、今も家族は一緒だった」。高木さんの胸には、抜けない悔恨のとげが刺さったままです。

 国と東電は原発事故の痛みや犠牲の多くを被災者個人に押しつけてきました。「反省」を口にはしますが、責任逃れの言葉の陰に隠れてしまっています。

 原発事故避難者の取材をしていると、区域外避難者の離婚をよく耳にします。しかし、国と東電は自己責任で避難した人たちを「自主避難者」と呼び、まともな賠償をしてきませんでした。あちらこちらで発せられる家族の痛みなど聞こえないかのようです。

 京都に来てからの高木さんは行動する人に変わりました。

 一三年、京都府に自主避難した人たち五十七世帯百七十四人が国と東電に計八億四千万円余の損害賠償を求めた集団訴訟の原告に加わりました。一八年春、京都地裁は国と東電の責任を認め、一部原告を除いた百十人に計約一億一千万円の賠償を命じました。国の賠償基準を超える内容で、審理は大阪高裁で続いています。

 原発賠償裁判で勝ち取った判決は、国が昨年、九年ぶりに着手した原発賠償基準(中間指針)の見直しにつながりました。

 ただ、避難指示区域外の避難者も賠償の増額対象ですが、その額はごくわずかです。区域内賠償の増額に主眼が置かれ、「区域内外で格差が広がる恐れ」を指摘する専門家もいます。

 国は被災者を分断するような政策はやめ、区域外の人々にもまともな賠償をすべきでしょう。

◆寄り添い合う仲間得て

 高木さんは「風評被害をまき散らすな」と非難され、福島では放射線被害を語れませんでした。避難先での生活費が続かず福島に戻った母子も見てきました。

 原発事故で失った多くのものを私たちは忘れてはなりません。だからこそ、原発事故の問題を福島に閉じ込めず、広く問いかける必要があるのです。そのためには人と人とのつながりを太く、強くしたい。それが、原発事故の被災者にとって未曽有の核災害を乗り越え、生きる力になるはずです。

 寄り添い合える仲間を得て、京都に根を下ろして生きると決めた高木さん。表情に明るさが戻り、力を込めてこう語るのです。「次世代に対する責任として福島の人の分まで京都で声を上げたい」と。

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Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Plant Disconnected via Aljazeera

After another blackout at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) in Ukraine, the head of the United Nations nuclear watchdog has appealed for a protection zone, saying he was “astonished by the complacency” of the organisation he leads, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Russian forces pounded several Ukrainian cities while people slept on Thursday, killing at least six civilians, knocking out electricity, and forcing Europe’s largest nuclear plant off the grid for a sixth time since Moscow’s invasion began last year.

The last time all power was lost at the site was on November 23, 2022, Rafael Grossi told the IAEA board of directors in a meeting on Thursday.

“What are we doing to prevent this [from] happening? We are the IAEA, we are meant to care about nuclear safety,” he said.

“Each time we are rolling a dice. And if we allow this to continue time after time then one day our luck will run out.”

[…]

Grossi has long tried to get both sides to strike a deal, pledging they would not fire at or from the plant and heavy weapons would be removed.

[…]

In his statement to the IAEA board, Grossi stressed: “This is the sixth time – let me say it again sixth time – that ZNPP has lost all off-site power and has had to operate in this emergency mode. Let me remind you – this is the largest nuclear power station in Europe. What are we doing? How can we sit here in this room this morning and allow this to happen? This cannot go on.”

[…]

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Fiji on very high alert after Japan’s plan to release more than 1.3 million tonnes of radioactive wastewater into the Pacific Ocean via Fijivillage

By Vijay Narayan

A question that has been asked is, if the Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS) treated water is so safe, why not re-use it in Japan for alternative purposes – in manufacturing and agriculture for instance.

Acting Prime Minister, Manoa Kamikamica has made this comment after Japan’s plan to release more than 1.3 million tonnes of radioactive wastewater into the Pacific Ocean over around four decades.

Kamikamica says as outgoing Chair of the Pacific Islands Forum, Fiji stands with the decision of the Forum Leaders in Nadi last week that our position about the planned release of ALPS-treated water by the Government of Japan be guided by science and data.

He says the planned release by Japan will have trans-boundary impacts across the Pacific Ocean and it is important that we reach a shared understanding on the implications of this release before we move ahead.

Kamikamica says just yesterday, we commemorated once again the day dedicated to the memories of victims and survivors of nuclear testing and waste.

[…]

He says the plans by Japan are therefore keeping Fiji on very high alert.

Kamikamica says we have learned our lesson the hard way, and we cannot leave the same legacy for current and future generations.

Kamikamica says as a Pacific Islands Forum, they have established an independent panel of scientific experts to advise them on this complex issue and to review the data and information that is informing Japan’s position on this matter.

He says in simple terms, the independent panel of experts have not been able to reach the same conclusion as the Japanese Government and the IAEA, based on the data and information that has been shared with them.

Kamikamica also says soon after chairing the Forum Leaders Special Retreat in Nadi, Prime Minister Rabuka left to attend this week’s Oceans Conference in Panama.

He says we live in the Pacific Ocean, and we are a ‘family of the ocean.”

Read more at Fiji on very high alert after Japan’s plan to release more than 1.3 million tonnes of radioactive wastewater into the Pacific Ocean via Fijivillage

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Fukushima at 12 via Nuclear Hotseat

NH #611: SPECIAL – Fukushima at 12: Voices from Japan – On the Ground w/Beverly Findlay Kaneko

Nuclear Hotseat

Nuclear Hotseat

NH #611: SPECIAL – Fukushima at 12: Voices from Japan – On the Ground w/Beverly Findlay Kaneko

Nuclear Hotseat

Nuclear Hotseat

NH #611: SPECIAL – Fukushima at 12: Voices from Japan – On the Ground w/Beverly Findlay

CLICK HERE to download This Week’s Episode #611

Fukushima 12th Anniversary: Voices from Japan, On the Ground w/Beverly Findlay-Kaneko

This Week’s Special Featured Interview:

Beverly Findlay-Kaneko provides an “on-the-ground in Japan” report on the current situation faced by people living with the aftermath of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Beverly lived in Yokohama, Japan, for 20 years until March 2011, after the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and the start of the Fukushima nuclear disaster.  She worked at Yokohama National University and The Japan Times.  Beverly has a Master’s degree in East Asian Studies from Stanford University and speaks Japanese fluently. She is the producer behind our Voices from Japan series and this year is the Voice from Japan.

I spoke with Beverly Findlay-Kaneko on February 27, 2023.

Links from the interview:

  • Hokkaido Nuclear Waste opposition article – Asahi Shimbun
  • Yonomori Denim – Sho Kobayashi’s business attempting to help rebuild Tomioka in northeast Japan. You can follow them on Instagram@yonomori_denim . And here’s a QR code, for those who understand how to use one:

Read/listen

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Fukushima plant head: Too early to predict decommissioning via The Mainichi

[…]

“Going forward, we have to face unconceivably difficult work such as retrieving the melted debris” from inside the reactors, said Ono, who heads the plant and is president of Fukushima Daiichi Decontamination & Decommissioning Engineering Co.

Earlier this year, a remote-controlled underwater vehicle successfully collected a tiny sample from inside one of the three melted reactors — only a spoonful of about 880 tons of highly radioactive melted fuel and other debris that must be safely removed and stored.

The status of the debris in the primary containment chambers of the Unit 1, 2 and 3 reactors remains largely unknown, Ono said.

Removal of melted debris is set to start in Unit 2 sometime after September this year following a nearly two-year delay. The removal of spent fuel in the Unit 1 reactor’s cooling pool is set to begin in 2027 after a 10-year delay because of the need to dismantle parts of the building damaged by hydrogen explosions.

The plant should be ready for workers to finally concentrate on removing the melted debris from the reactors after all spent fuel is taken out of the cooling pools by 2031, Ono said.

The government is maintaining its original goal of completing the plant’s decommissioning by 2051. But some experts say removing all of the melted fuel debris by then is impossible and suggest a Chernobyl-style entombment of the plant, an option that could help reduce health risks while the plant’s radioactivity gradually decreases.

“I still consider this goal as a major guidepost,” Ono said. “We can’t say what will happen in 30 years. We can’t say, but roughly imagining the next 30 years, I believe that it is necessary to carefully and precisely build up the current plan in order to safely, steadily and quickly proceed with the decommissioning.”

Before that, however, the biggest issue is the disposal of large amounts of treated but still radioactive water from the plant, he said.

Water used to cool the three damaged reactors has leaked into the basements of the reactor buildings and has been collected and stored in about 1,000 tanks that cover much of the plant’s grounds.

The government and TEPCO say the tanks must be removed so facilities can be built for the plant’s decommissioning. The tanks are expected to reach their capacity of 1.37 million tons later this year.

Most of the radioactivity can be removed from the water during treatment, but tritium cannot be separated, and low levels of some other radionuclides also remain. The government and TEPCO say they will ensure the water’s radioactivity is far below legal limits and will dilute it with large amounts of seawater before its planned discharge into the ocean.

Local fishing communities have fiercely objected to the plan, saying their already damaged business will suffer more because of the negative image caused by the water release. Neighboring countries, including China and South Korea, and Pacific Island nations have also raised safety concerns.

TEPCO plans to finish construction of the facilities needed for the water discharge in the spring and then receive safety approval from nuclear regulators. A final inspection and report by an International Atomic Energy Agency mission are expected before the release begins.

The operator still needs to work on an “easy to understand” explanation and scientific evidence to help people understand the release, Ono said.

“The decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi itself is based on the understanding and trust of everyone in society,” he said.

Read more.

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“I started prioritizing treatment over my dreams for the future”: Public testimony of a young woman diagnosed with thyroid cancer after Fukushima disaster via CNIC

[…]

The first oral arguments were heard on March 26, 2022, at the Tokyo District Court. The following is the public testimony of one plaintiff, a young woman in her 20s, who was diagnosed with thyroid cancer when she was in high school. She describes the sobering trajectory of her life after diagnosis, from traumatic surgery and treatment to interrupted dreams of college graduation and employment. A recording of her testimony (in Japanese) can be heard on the website of Our Planet TV here.

Translated by Elicia Cousins

“It was my middle school graduation ceremony that day. “This is it, isn’t it!” My friends and I sat around chatting and taking lots of pictures with our digital cameras. I think it was snowing a bit at that time.

When the earthquake hit, I was video chatting with another friend about the graduation ceremony. At first, we casually noted that an earthquake was happening, but then the shaking suddenly got stronger and a ballpoint pen fell onto my head from somewhere. “Oh no!” (Yabai!) I heard someone say, and the call dropped.

My house is going to get crushed, I thought. The shaking continued for what felt like a hellishly long time.

I became aware of the nuclear accident when the actual explosion happened. I heard a rumor that radiation would turn the sky pink, but because that didn’t happen, I didn’t develop a sense of crisis.

March 16 was the day that that high school entrance exam results were posted. The trains were stopped because of the earthquake, so I heard the results at my middle school instead. I walked to school, and after seeing the results, I stood outside talking to my friend for a long time before walking back home again. I had no idea that radiation levels were very high that day.

My thyroid cancer was detected through the prefectural health survey.

I still have a very clear memory of the moment I found out. That day, I was wearing new clothes and sandals. My mom drove me to the examination.

There were several doctors involved in the examination process. Did the exam take a long time? Or was it quick? Now I’m not so sure. I can’t be certain, but I think that the moment the doctor took the ultrasound scan of my neck, their face clouded a bit. The examination was extensive.

People who had been called up after me were already finished with their exams. “You’re the only one who took longer,” my mom said. “Maybe you have cancer,” she joked as we left the venue. In that moment, I never suspected that I’d need a more detailed follow-up examination.[…]

The night before the surgery, I couldn’t sleep at all. I was filled with worry, and even though I felt like crying, there were no tears. But I thought, if this is what it will take to heal… so I went ahead with the surgery.

Things were way worse after the surgery.

When I came to, I felt fatigued and feverish. The anesthesia didn’t work well for me, I often threw up in the middle of the night, and I felt sick and nauseous. To this day, I can clearly remember how excruciating that experience was. I sometimes have nightmares about the surgery, hospitalization, and treatment.

After the surgery, my voice was gone, and I could hardly speak for three months.

I ended up enrolling at a university in a neighboring prefecture rather than my top choice school in Tokyo, partly because my family was worried about my illness. But I couldn’t even go to that school for very long, because my thyroid cancer came back.

The recurrence was detected at the very first health checkup I had after enrolling in college, and I had no choice but to quit. I hadn’t healed after allAnd the cancer has even metastasized to my lungs. The feelings were unbearable. I didn’t heal. I didn’t know where to channel my emotions. This time, I really might not be able to live much longer, I thought.

Since I now knew how difficult surgery was, I became depressed thinking about having to go through it all over again. The second surgery ended up taking longer than expected, and because the cancer had metastasized to my lymph nodes quite a bit, the cut on my neck got bigger.

Once again, the anesthesia didn’t sit well with me and I threw up in the middle of the night. Having to suction phlegm out of my chest was particularly painful. After the second surgery I lost all sensation around my clavicle, and it still feels strange whenever I touch that area.

I’ve had people say some shockingly heartless things about my surgical scars. Like when someone asked if they were the result of a suicide attempt. People have said things that never would have crossed my mind. These surgical scars will never go away. Now I always pick clothing that will cover them up.

After the surgery, I had to get isotope treatment for the lesions caused by the lung metastasis. This is a treatment where you take concentrated radioactive iodine pills in order to expose the cancer cells to radiation.

I did outpatient treatment for the first and second round. For this treatment, since you’re ingesting radioactive iodine, you end up becoming an exposure risk to the people around you. After I got my dosage at the hospital I’d go home and isolate myself, but I was worried about exposing my family to radiation. I drank the iodine twice, but the cancer didn’t go away.

For the third round I needed to take a larger amount of iodine, so I had to stay at the hospital. My room at the hospital was at the end of a long, white hallway and through several doors. There were yellow and red signs pasted everywhere, warning of radiation. It was a hazardous area despite being inside a hospital. As for the room itself, you can only bring in previously approved items. That’s because anything you bring in becomes contaminated.

Nurses don’t come into that hospital room. The doctor just comes in once a day to do an examination. I felt bad that the doctor had to come in knowing that they’d be exposed to radiation. I didn’t want anyone to have to sacrifice themselves because of me.

Two or three doctors came into my room with the medicine. The medicine was in a cylindrical plastic case.

Drinking the medicine was a race with time. One doctor took the white capsule out with tweezers, placed it in a paper cup, and handed it to me.

They then immediately left the room, closing the lead door behind them and then instructing me through the speakerphone to drink the medicine. I quickly gulped down the medicine with some water.

After I swallowed, they checked the inside of my mouth through the door. They then held a radiation-monitoring device over my stomach to confirm that the capsule got there, and then I was instructed to lay down on the bed. The doctor then told me over the speakerphone to change the orientation of my body every 15 minutes.

As for food, I was first shown a meal on the TV screen in order to make sure that I could eat all of it without leaving anything on my plate. They didn’t want to give me any more than I could eat, so as to minimize the amount of contaminated waste.

That night, a wave of nausea suddenly came over me. I felt so sick. The feeling wouldn’t go away so I panicked and pressed the button to call the nurse, but the nurse didn’t come. I thought I’d better not throw up on the bed, so I rushed to the bathroom.

When I later told the nurse that I’d thrown up, they just prescribed some anti-nausea medicine. By then it was already past 2am, and I couldn’t sleep very well.

The next day onward, I completely lost my appetite, and I usually had them bring me just medicine and not meals. I threw up once or twice on the second day too.

Until then, I’d almost never thrown up in my life. I ended up bursting a blood vessel in my eye because of the strain of throwing up, and my eye became bright red. Through the door, the nurse checked my condition, and prescribed some eye drops.

I felt sick for the rest of the time I spent in that room. I was just waiting for the time to pass.

In that room, there was a square radiation monitoring device attached to the wall near the ceiling. It looked like an air conditioner. On the bottom right of the device was a display window that would show the radiation measurement. When I stepped closer to it, the number would shoot up, and when I stepped away the number would go down again.

I spent three days like this, and finally it became time to leave. I had to throw away everything I’d been wearing, like my pajamas, into a garbage can made of lead. I changed into the clothes I’d stored in a locker, opened the lead door, and walked with the nurse down the long hallway and through multiple doors.

After this treatment, one of the side effects I had to deal with was that I couldn’t produce saliva normally. It became difficult to swallow food with a low water content, and my sense of taste changed.

That hospitalization experience was the harshest yet. I don’t want to have to go through it again.

I went through such a painful experience, and yet the treatment didn’t work that well. It didn’t do what it was supposed to, and I ended up feeling like it was all a waste. Before, I was motivated to get treatment with the assumption that it would cure me. Now, I just think, I hope this treatment at least slows down the progression of my illness.

After becoming ill, I’ve started prioritizing cancer treatment over my dreams for the future. Because of treatment, I’ve given up on everything—college, the studies I’d been focusing on in order to pursue the career I wanted, and even going to concerts I’d been so excited for.

[…]

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