Sellafield Windscale Pile chimney diffuser dismantled via BBC News

One of the most identifiable structures of the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant has been dismantled.

The huge diffuser on top of the 125m (410ft) Windscale Pile chimney has been visible in west Cumbria for 70 years.

It had to be cut up in situ and brought down in sections, taking three years to take apart.

Project manager Geoff Carver said its removal had also removed the seismic risk of the chimney collapsing which was a “huge achievement”.

[…]

Sellafield said the work had been “hugely challenging” with much of it taking place during the pandemic.

[…]

Further work on the structure would be carried out after which the remaining chimney “barrel” would be demolished, it said.

The nuclear reprocessing site is being cleaned up by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) which said the diffuser’s removal was an “important milestone”.

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女川原発に3回目立ち入り 宮城県と立地市町、トラブル続発で via 河北新報

2021年11月16日 11:09

東北電力女川原発(宮城県女川町、石巻市)で7月に協力企業の作業員7人が硫化水素を吸い込んで中毒症状を起こした事故など一連のトラブルを巡り、宮城県と女川町、石巻市は15日、再発防止策を確認するため、東北電との原子力安全協定に基づく立ち入り調査を実施した。

 県によると調査は今年3回目。県の担当者ら計16人が1号機廃棄物処理建屋に入り、硫化水素の発生源となったタンク内のスラッジ(汚泥)の処理方法やガスの漏えい防止策を記した社内規定を確かめた。

 8月に白煙が発生した焼却炉建屋では、排気管内に堆積した焼却灰が原因になったことを踏まえ、定期的な清掃などを定めた管理手順を確認。ボルト類が落下した3号機使用済み核燃料プールについては落下物の回収スケジュールといった説明を受けた。

[…]

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東電株主代表訴訟、裁判官が原発事故現場を見分…科学を否定した刑事裁判一審と真逆 via Business Journal

元会長の勝俣氏、出廷せず
 東京電力福島第一原発事故の刑事責任を問う強制起訴裁判の一審では、被告の勝俣恒久元会長(81)が先頭で入廷し、次に武黒一郎元副社長(75)、最後に武藤栄元副社長(71)が続き、揃って着席するのが常だった。しかし、11月2日に東京高裁で始まった二審(控訴審)では、最初に武黒氏、続いて武藤氏が入廷し、勝俣氏は姿を現さなかった。閉廷後にわかったことだが、勝俣氏は「体調不良」で欠席したのだという。被告に出席の義務がある一審に対し、二審では被告に出席の権利はあるものの、義務はないとされる。

 この日の初公判には約300人が傍聴券を求めて列を作り、30人だけが傍聴できた。一審初公判の際、傍聴した筆者はベルトを外されてズボンが落ちるという屈辱的な身体検査を受けたのだが、一審の永渕健一裁判長はそうした強権的な訴訟指揮を毎回繰り返し、傍聴人から不評を買っていた。

 だが二審では一転、身体検査を行なう係員の態度が大変丁重になる。さらには初公判の冒頭で二審の細田啓介裁判長は「持ち物検査でご面倒をおかけしてすみません」と詫び、傍聴人を驚かせた。

「百聞は一見にしかず」と批判された一審判決
 二審最大の焦点は、国の地震調査研究推進本部(推本)の専門家らがまとめた地震と津波の予測「長期評価」の信頼性だ。この日、検事役の指定弁護士は法廷で、3被告全員を無罪とした一審判決で事実認定を行なった裁判官自身は津波に関する専門的知見を有していないにもかかわらず、長期評価の信頼性を無理矢理否定してしまった上に、現場検証を一切しないまま、前代未聞の過酷原発事故の判決を書くという、不自然なまでの裁判所の不作為を、「百聞は一見にしかず」ということわざを引用して批判した。一方、弁護側は一審判決に誤りはないとして棄却を求めた。

[…]

 一方、強制起訴裁判と同時並行で進んでいる東電株主代表訴訟では、10月29日、東京地裁の裁判官が福島第一原発に赴いて事故現場を見分した。同じ東京地裁の裁判官でありながら、事実認定への取り組み姿勢がまったく異なる。今後、強制起訴裁判の二審でも現場検証が行なわれ、一審判決が招いていた裁判所への不信を取り除けるのかどうか、注目される。

責任逃れの抗弁はもう通じなくなる?
 3被告は、株主代表訴訟でも被告になっている。ところで、刑事事件として福島第一原発事故の責任者を裁く強制起訴裁判の一審で3被告は、いわば“経営者として無能だった”と言い訳したことで責任逃れに成功し、無罪判決を勝ち取っていた。しかし、民事事件として同原発事故を裁く株主代表訴訟で同じ言い訳は通用しない。“無能”ゆえに東電に損害を与えたとして、数兆円規模ともいわれる莫大な賠償責任を負わされる恐れがあるからだ。

 ただ、これまでの株主代表訴訟での被告側の抗弁をチェックしてみると、概ね強制起訴裁判と同様の主張を繰り返しているようだ。強制起訴裁判と株主代表訴訟の両方で被告の弁護に関わっている弁護士もいるにもかかわらず、この言い訳に潜む“リスク”に気づかなかったのか。明らかな作戦ミスだろう。

 そんなわけで、強制起訴裁判と株主代表訴訟は互いに影響を与え合う関係にある。強制起訴裁判の次回公判は来年2月9日。株主代表訴訟は今月末に結審し、来年春にも判決が出る見込みだ。

(文=明石昇二郎/ルポライター)

●明石昇二郎/ルポライター、ルポルタージュ研究所代表

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Australian-UK-US nuclear submarine deal exposes civilian-military links via Bulletin of Atomic Scientists

By Andy StirlingPhil Johnstone | November 9, 2021

[…]

In democratic nuclear weapons states such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, shared civil-military nuclear industrial bases are largely—albeit indirectly—funded by electricity consumers. Colossal investments in new nuclear power are underwritten by anticipated revenues from future electricity sales. These investments flow through nuclear construction supply chains and outward to support military nuclear activities. In this way, crucial support is given to military infrastructures, outside of defense budgets and off the public books. But as civil nuclear power declines, this massive hidden funding flow may diminish, which presents problems for nuclear submarines whose costs are not only often prohibitive but escalating.

The AUKUS deal makes more sense when viewed in light of this crisis in the US, UK, and French national nuclear submarine industries. Spiralling civil nuclear construction delaystechnological failuresbankruptcies, and fraud exercise little effect on government commitments to civil nuclear power, given pressure to underpin military capability. This is why these governments are failing to recognize the radical technology and market changes that render baseload power, according to industry, “outdated.” This is why policymakers so often neglect renewables and storage options that are outcompeting nuclear power. This is why some argue that nuclear power must persist as a “necessary part of the mix” in nuclear weapons states, despite diverse alternatives offering sufficient volumes of zero carbon power more quickly and cheaply than can nuclear.

Although well documented in the defense policy documents of existing and aspiring nuclear weapons states, these military drivers have been seriously neglected in discussions of energy and climate strategies. Recently however, some countries have begun to acknowledge the strong connections between civil and military nuclear capabilities.

In the United States, for instance, a report led by former energy secretary Ernest Moniz said in 2017 that “a strong domestic supply chain is needed to provide for nuclear Navy requirements. This supply chain has an inherent and very strong overlap with … commercial nuclear energy.” Since then, multiple high level reports have acknowledged that US military nuclear programs depend on a vibrant civil nuclear sector. The connectivity of the civilian and military nuclear value chain—including shared equipment, services, and human capital—has created a mutually reinforcing feedback loop, wherein a robust civilian nuclear industry supports the nuclear elements of the national security establishment,” according to one study. Civil nuclear activities transfer an effective value of $26.1 billion dollars to the US military nuclear enterprise, according to this study.

In recent years, French press reports have hinted that dwindling civil nuclear power threatens national military nuclear capabilities. President Macron confirmed this when he said that “without civil nuclear power, there can be no military nuclear power.” Military drivers of civil nuclear activities are also acknowledged in more authoritarian nuclear states like Russia and China.

Australia possesses some of the most abundant and competitive renewable energy resources in the world. Yet the Australian nuclear lobby argues that acquiring military nuclear technology will benefit the claimed imperative to establish a civil nuclear industry. Prime Minister Scott Morrison asserted that he is not pushing for a civil nuclear power program, but other prominent voices disagree. Referring to submarine-derived small modular reactors, Australian politician and UK trade advisor Tony Abbott said that “if nuclear power is ok at sea, pretty soon it will be ok on land, too.” The Minerals Council for Australia claims that acquiring military nuclear technology is an “incredible opportunity” because it “connect[s] [Australia]… to the growing global nuclear power industry and its supply chains.”

[…]

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A Nuclear-Powered Shower? Russia Tests a Climate Innovation. via New York Times

A remote Siberian town now has its own miniature nuclear plant as a Russian state company tests a new model for residential heating. Some see it as a tool to minimize climate change.

By Andrew E. Kramer

PEVEK, Russia — The water was hot, steamy and plentiful, and Pavel Rozhkov let it flow over his body, enjoying a shower that is not for the squeamish: On his bare skin, he was feeling the heat produced by an atomic reaction, pumped directly from a nuclear reactor into his home.

“Personally, I’m not worried,” Mr. Rozhkov said.

His shower came courtesy of nuclear residential heating, which remains exceedingly rare and was introduced in the remote Siberian town of Pevek only a year ago. The source is not a typical reactor with huge cooling towers but is the first of a new generation of smaller and potentially more versatile nuclear plants — in this case aboard a barge floating nearby in the Arctic Ocean.

As countries from across the globe meet in Scotland this week to try to find new ways to mitigate climate change, Russia has embraced nuclear residential heating as one potential solution, while also hoping it can bring a competitive advantage. Companies in the United States, China and France are considering building the type of small reactors connected now to Pevek’s waterworks.

“It’s very exciting,” Jacopo Buongiorno, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said in a telephone interview. These small reactors, he said, could also warm greenhouses or provide heat for industrial purposes. In bringing to life the new approach, he said, “the Russians are ahead.”

Nuclear-powered residential heating is distinct from running space or water heaters with electricity generated from nuclear sources. Direct nuclear heating, tried in small pockets of Russia and Sweden, circulates water between a power plant and homes, transferring heat directly from fissioning uranium atoms to residences.

Warming homes with nuclear power also has environmental benefits, advocates of the idea say. Primarily, it avoids wasting the heat that is typically vented as steam through the conical cooling towers of nuclear plants, and instead captures it for use in residential heating, if customers are fine with it.

Still, some experts are concerned about the potential risks, pointing to the many spills and accidents on Soviet and Russian submarines and icebreakers that used similar small reactors. Nuclear submarines sank in 1989 and 2000, for example.

“It is nuclear technology, and the starting point needs to be that it is dangerous,” said Andrei Zolotkov, a researcher with Bellona, a Norwegian environmental group. “That is the only way to think about it.”

[…]

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原発避難者の医療費支援、縮小へ 23年度にも 国が自治体と協議 via 朝日新聞デジタル

東京電力福島第一原発事故で避難を求められた住民の医療や介護の負担を軽減してきた支援策について、復興庁が段階的に縮小、廃止する方向で被災自治体と協議に入ったことが分かった。早ければ2023年度にも見直したい考えだ。

 政府は11年の原発事故後、第一原発の半径約30キロ圏と放射線量が高かった福島県の13市町村の約15万人(11年8月時点)に避難指示や避難勧奨を出し、避難者には医療・介護にかかる保険料や自己負担分の全額または一部を免除してきた。いまも一部の高額所得者を除いてこの減免策が続いている。

 関係者によると、復興庁は11月に入り、関係自治体に支援策の見直し方針案を示し、協議を開始。方針案によると、見直しの対象は、避難指示が17年4月までに解除された福島県内の11市町村。1年間の周知期間の後、減免の割合を段階的に縮小、複数年かけて最後は廃止するとしている。

 ただ、いまも避難者が自宅に戻れない帰還困難区域や第一原発のある双葉、大熊両町の住民(計約2万2千人)は見直しの対象外で、今後対応を検討する。

(略)

西銘恒三郎復興相は9日、朝日新聞などのインタビューで「見直し内容については現在、各自治体のご意見を伺っている。厚生労働省と連携して検討していく」と述べた。復興庁幹部は「地元との協議次第だが、早ければ23年度にも縮小を始めたい」としている。

(略)

一方、福島県は6月に要望書を国に提出し、減免策について、「被災者が安心して生活できるよう財政支援の継続に配慮してほしい」と訴えていた。(関根慎一、編集委員・大月規義

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Rolls-Royce plans to build small nuclear power plants in Britain via The New York Times

By Stanley Reed

Rolls-Royce, the British jet engine maker, said on Tuesday that it was forming a business to build a series of smaller, cheaper nuclear reactors as Britain looks for ways to cut carbon emissions and to reduce the costs of nuclear energy.

[…]

These plants would generate less power — about one-seventh the output of the giant nuclear installation being built at Hinkley Point in southwest England.

But Rolls-Royce said it hoped to reduce construction costs to around 2 billion pounds ($2.7 billion) each, compared with an estimated £22.5 billion for the Hinkley Point plant. Some of the savings would come from building a large number of plants and making modules in factories that can then be assembled at sites.

[…]

The company hopes to build 16 of the plants, known as small modular reactors, and said each could power around one million homes.

The British government will contribute a grant of £210 million to develop the plants, while Rolls-Royce and its partners, including Exelon Generation, an American nuclear power company, and BNF Resources, a private company, would together invest £195 million over three years.

[…]

Britain, though, is likely to encounter competition from France, which recently announced its own small reactor program, and the United States, where operators are working on similar concepts. Last week, NuScale Power, based in Portland, Ore., announced an agreement to build small modular reactors in Romania.

Despite risks from accidents, nuclear energy is attracting new interest in Europe and elsewhere as a tool for countries to hit increasingly ambitious targets to reduce the carbon emissions responsible for climate change. Nuclear plants are valued for providing large amounts of low-carbon electricity.

Rolls-Royce’s work with nuclear power includes designing the reactors aboard Britain’s nuclear submarines, work that began in the 1950s.

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Macron says France will build new nuclear energy reactors via Reuters

PARIS, Nov 9 (Reuters) – France will build new nuclear reactors to help the country lessen its dependence on foreign countries for its energy supplies, meet global warming targets and keep prices under control, President Emmanuel Macron said on Tuesday.

With concerns over purchasing power topping opinion polls five months before the presidential election, at a time of soaring energy prices, Macron said the decision to go for new reactors was essential to keep prices “reasonable.”

[…]

Macron gave no details, but his government is expected to announce the construction of up to six new pressurised-water reactors within the coming weeks.

Previously, the government had said it would not launch any new third-generation EPR reactor projects until state-owned EDF’s (EDF.PA) much-delayed EPR nuclear power plant in Flamanville, northwestern France, is completed.

But French media in October reported that the impact of Europe’s gas crisis on energy prices, and the knock-on effect on household spending power, had accelerated Paris’s decision to commit to the EPR technology.

Greenpeace criticised Tuesday’s announcement, saying the plan to build new reactors was “disconnected from reality,” pointing to the problems with the Flamanville project, which has suffered a decade of delays and huge cost overruns.

Early in his mandate, Macron pledged to reduce nuclear’s contribution to France’s energy mix to 50% from 75% by 2035.

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関電前会長ら9人全員不起訴 報酬補塡・金品受領問題で大阪地検 via 毎日新聞

[…]

 告発した市民団体は不起訴処分を不服として、近く検察審査会(検審)に申し立てる方針。検審が「起訴相当」か「不起訴不当」と今後議決すれば、特捜部は再捜査を迫られることになる。

関電では税務調査を機に2019年9月以降、一連の問題が相次いで発覚。市民団体が「不祥事の中で悪質性が高い」としたのが報酬補塡問題だった。

関電は東日本大震災後の経営不振で電気料金の値上げと役員報酬の減額を決定。しかし、当時会長だった森氏が主導して各役員を退任後に嘱託として任用し、減額分を補う仕組みを発案したとされる。社長だった八木氏との協議を経て取締役会に諮らず運用を始め、森氏を含む元役員計18人に16年7月以降、計約2億6000万円が支払われた。

 特別背任罪は取締役らが自身や第三者に利益を図る目的で職務に背き、会社に損害を与えた場合に成立する。特捜部は、関電に退任した役員の報酬に関する社内規定がない点に着目。取締役会に諮らなかったことは手続き上の違反と認められず、職務に背いた行為ではないとした。

さらに、森氏らは退任後、実際に関電の業務に当たっていたとして、故意に関電に損害を与える目的があったとは認められないと判断した。関係者によると、旧経営陣側も聴取に「退任後の報酬は嘱託業務に対する正当な対価だ」と主張していた。

一方、高浜原発のある福井県高浜町の森山栄治元助役(19年に死去)から歴代幹部83人が総額約3億7000万円相当の金品を受け取っていた問題では、八木氏とともに岩根茂樹前社長(68)らも特別背任容疑などで告発された。

 森山氏の関係企業に原発関連工事の不当な発注があったかどうかが焦点だったが、特捜部は「工事価格の設定に不適正な点は確認できなかった」と指摘。森山氏の死去で金品提供の趣旨が分からず、関電幹部らが森山氏から便宜を図るよう求められたとも認められないため刑事責任を問うのは困難だと結論付けた。

関電は21年7月、大阪国税局の税務調査を受け、役員報酬の補塡問題について約1億9800万円の所得隠しを指摘されたと公表。実態が退職金だったにもかかわらず嘱託報酬に仮装したと認定されており、地検と国税局が異なる判断を示している。【山本康介、榊原愛実】

「市民感覚」で強制起訴の可能性も

 不起訴処分を不服として審査が申し立てられると、検察審査会(検審)は「市民感覚」で処分の適否をチェックする。議決内容によっては、捜査対象者が強制的に起訴される可能性もある。

 検審は有権者から無作為に選ばれた11人が、捜査記録などを基に処分の妥当性を非公開で審査する。過半数が「不起訴に問題がある」と判断すれば「不起訴不当」、8人以上になると「起訴相当」の議決が出る。

 「起訴相当」の場合、検察は再捜査し、原則3カ月以内に改めて刑事処分の適否を判断する。2009年には強制起訴制度が導入された。再捜査で検察が改めて不起訴にしても、検審が2度目の起訴相当の議決を出せば、裁判所指定の弁護士によって起訴される。

 一方、最初の審査で「不起訴相当」の議決が出た場合などは捜査は完全に終結する。最高裁によると09年以降、10事件で計14人が強制起訴され、うち2事件で有罪が確定している。【山本康介】

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German politicians affirm rejection of nuclear power in EU sustainable finance taxonomy via Clean Energy Wire

[…]

“We don’t want nuclear energy, we don’t think it’s sustainable and we don’t want the EU to support it,“ the acting minister from the Social Democrats (SPD) told newspapers of the Funke Mediengruppe in an article carried by the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Schulze added that the German government is not alone on this position, countering an initiative of several other EU member states under the leadership of France to give nuclear power a greater role in the EU’s plans for decarbonisation and the greening of the financial system. Building nuclear plants would be much too expensive and time-consuming for effective climate action, with plants commissioned now only being ready for operation by 2045 due to lengthy searches for a location, licensing hurdles and expectable protests against it, she argued.  Conservative (CSU) Bavarian state premier Markus Söder backed Schulze’s rejection to make the technology a tool for climate action, arguing that Germany’s nuclear phase-out “is based on broad societal acceptance.”

Germany’s last nuclear power plant will go offline at the end of next year. Given its parallel phase-out of coal power, Germany bets on a fast expansion of renewables and natural gas plants as a bridging technology. But renewables expansion in the country has been sluggish in the past years and Germany is facing opposition regarding its emphasis on gas, which many countries also reject to include in the EU taxonomy, citing the new and controversial gas pipeline Nord Stream 2 between Germany and Russia as an example for combining the use of a climate damaging fuel with geopolitical challenges.  

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