Power to the people: Swiss vote on exit from nuclear energy via The Daily Progress

GENEVA (AP) — Like other countries after the 2011 Fukushima disaster, Switzerland pledged to abandon nuclear power in coming years. But anti-nuclear advocacy groups say the Swiss government’s timetable isn’t fast enough, and have pushed for a referendum this weekend that would hasten the planned exit.

Swiss voters cast ballots on Sunday on an initiative championed by environmentalists and nuclear foes that would, if passed, shutter by 2029 the last of Switzerland’s five nuclear power plants that now generate 40 percent of the country’s electricity.

Polls suggest a tight race on an issue that could put Switzerland on a similar track to one in neighboring Germany. The Germans have been aggressively ramping up transition to renewables like solar energy in time to be done with nuclear energy by 2022, a deadline also set after a tsunami ravaged Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power facility five years ago.

 As part of an energy plan that runs through 2050, the Swiss government has already agreed not to replace its existing nuclear plants, which can operate as long as they’re deemed safe. The plants are to be closed progressively as their life spans expire, and the government says it needs time to switch to other sources such as wind, solar and biomass energy.

Switzerland regularly holds referendums as part of its particular form of direct democracy, which allows voters in the country of about 8.2 million to set policy on major issues — at times causing hassles for officials to carry out the public’s will.

[…]

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465 suspected of working illegally at Fukushima nuke plant in 2015 via The Mainichi

[…]

Under a “disguised contract,” people are given work without official employment or are made to work under the instruction of parties other than those who place the original orders, obscuring the party responsible for their safety. The revelation comes after the Mainichi Shimbun reported that seven foreign nationals worked at the plant in 2014 under suspected illegal contracts. TEPCO had subsequently concluded that it had identified no problems over the issue based on its questionnaires.

The utility recognized that 118 of the 465 workers — whose employers TEPCO says it could identify and whom it checked with by way of the original contractors — were “all in appropriate employment statuses.”

In response to the TEPCO announcement, however, a former Japanese worker at the plant testified to the Mainichi that he “couldn’t write about the truth” in those surveys. Furthermore, at least one subcontractor related to work at the plant has admitted to the existence of disguised contract work.

[…]

A former male Japanese worker for a second-tier subcontractor that undertook work to build storage tanks for radiation contaminated water at the plant between 2014 and 2015 revealed to the Mainichi that when he responded to a TEPCO survey, he enclosed his answer sheet in an envelope and handed it over to a first-tier subcontractor without sealing it. The answer sheets submitted by workers were ultimately collected by the original contractor before being submitted to TEPCO.

“Although the surveys were anonymous, they could tell who wrote the answers by the handwriting. I couldn’t write about working under harsh conditions, in which many people collapsed due to heatstroke. The way the surveys are conducted now wouldn’t lead to uncovering the realities at the job sites,” he said.

The president of a construction company in Fukushima Prefecture that undertakes decommissioning work at the Fukushima No. 1 plant told the Mainichi in February that the company was making workers dispatched by another firm work at the plant by disguising them as its own regular employees. “I’m aware it constitutes disguised contract work, which is illegal. But it’s a common practice.”

Meanwhile, TEPCO’s public relations section, when asked whether its questionnaires can uncover the realities of work conditions for those engaged in decommissioning work at the plant, said, “We see no problems with them.”

ニュースサイトで読む: http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20161122/p2a/00m/0na/012000c#csidx6069a7b5bcaf03c9a990da04c1a51c0
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ニュースサイトで読む: http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20161122/p2a/00m/0na/012000c#csidx52ed27bcdb4052eba56650097658f5a
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South Africa’s proposed nuclear power plant unsafe – study via The Straits Times

 

JOHANNESBURG (REUTERS) – South African power provider Eskom has proposed building a nuclear power station on a site that may be at risk of surge storms and tsunamis, a geological report suggests, but the state-owned utility disputes the findings.

South Africa has the continent’s only nuclear power station and plans to expand nuclear power generation to meet growing electricity demand in Africa’s most industrisalised country.

The report by Maarten de Wit, a professor at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University and director of the Africa Earth Observatory Network, a research institute, says canyons in the bedrock would need to be secured.

 “If you are going to build anything on that, it’s pretty prone to storms, sea level rises and tsunamis,” De Wit told Reuters on Friday (Nov 25).

The site at Thyspunt, near Port Elizabeth in the Nelson Mandela Bay municipality, is on the Indian Ocean coastline.

 
 

The report also showed seismic activity along dormant fault lines near the site that could trigger submarine landslides.

Any such activity “is likely to generate a large submarine slump, and a possible significant local tsunami that would affect the coastal region, including Thyspunt,” the report said, warning that a plant at Thyspunt could be at risk of devastation similar to that in Fukushima in Japan in 2011.

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27日の国民投票、スイスの原発は「古くなりすぎて危険」なのか? via SWI

緑の党など、国民投票にかけられるイニシアチブ「脱原発」の支持者は、スイスの原発の多くが世界で最も古い施設に属し、その老朽化が大事故のリスクを格段に高める、と主張する。そうした事故は、スイスのように人口密度の高い国では破滅的な被害をもたらすという。

スイスの有権者たちは、本当に原発の稼働年数だけを根拠に大事故を恐れているのだろうか?以下、さまざまな研究がそうではないことを示し、大事故のリスクにはその他の多くの要因が作用すると言っている。

深刻な事故はまれか?

世界原子力協会(WNA)は、商業用原発は「きわめて安全」で、「原発施設の事故が起きるリスクは低く、また低下している」と主張する。

同協会はウェブサイトで「商業用原発は原子炉年(1基×年数)換算で累積1兆6千年間、32カ国で稼働しているが、うち原子力施設で大事故が起きたのは3件」と公表している。

経済協力開発機構(OECD)の原子力機関(NEA)が出した2010年の調査も同様に、全電力網において実際に起こった事故のデータを分析し、「原子力発電は火力発電に比べて非常にリスクが低い」と結論づけた。最も多くの死者を出しているのは石炭部門。世界原子力協会は、大量の資源の発掘や発電所への運搬に伴う危険が一因とする。

しかし、連邦工科大学チューリヒ校と英サセックス大による最近の研究は、200件以上の事故を調べ、リスクが過小評価されていると示した。

研究者はメルトダウン(炉心溶融)が「どちらかと言えば」10~20年に一度起こると確信。原子力産業の示すデータは「亀裂が生じており極めて不完全」と断じ、原子力事故・故障のレベルを評価する国際原子力事象評価尺度はリスクを正しく理解するために改善されるべきだ、と話す。

ただ、事故を完璧かつ正しく描写できるのかどうかは不明だ。英科学誌ネイチャーによると、原子力の専門家は「客観的に『危険性』をランクづけるのはほぼ不可能。なぜなら原発施設はそれぞれ独自のリスクプロファイルを持っているし、ある種のリスクは単に人知を超えている」と話す。

専門家が一致するのは、色々な要素が考慮されなければならない、ということだ。経過年数はそのうちの一つに過ぎない。ネイチャー誌は、実は「必ずしも古い原子炉が新しいものより危険とは限らない」と明言する。

同誌は、三つの重大事故のうち2件は比較的新しい原子炉で発生したと考察する。米国のスリーマイル島事故は1978年当時、稼働3カ月でメルトダウンに陥り、チェルノブイリで災害が発生した86年時は、稼動からわずか2年後だった。2011年、福島の古い原発3基においては、津波が非常用電源と冷却装置を遮断したことで原子力事故に至っており、老朽化は直接の事故原因ではなかった。

(略)

検証と改良

世界原子力協会は、安全性の確保には検査官が中心的な役割を果たす、とする。国際原子力機関(IAEA)の原子力安全条約によると、経年により劣化や故障しやすくなる傾向はあるため、古い設備は定期検査と同時に大幅な改良が加えられなければならないという。地域レベルでは、スイスやEU諸国は、自国の原子力施設の稼働年数に関する報告書を提出し、17年に相互評価を行う方針だ。

スイス国内では、連邦核安全監督局(ENSI)が原発5基の寿命が続く限り、その運営を監督している。アールガウ州のベツナウ原発は、圧力容器の壁に生じた小さなひび割れがふさがれておらず、現在は閉鎖されている(1984年稼働開始のライプシュタット原発も安全上の理由で閉鎖されている)。万が一老朽化問題が深刻になれば、施設を廃炉にしなければならないという規定になっている。

40年から60年、そして80年へ

世界中の原子炉が老朽化しているという事実は、より多くの知識の共有やその安全性の研究に駆り立てている。

全文は27日の国民投票、スイスの原発は「古くなりすぎて危険」なのか?

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Radiation expert, 46, who investigated the ‘assassination’ of KGB spy Alexander Litvinenko ‘killed himself by stabbing his arms and chest repeatedly five months after a trip to Russia’ via DailyMail

A radiation expert who investigated the ‘assassination’ of Alexander Litvinenko was found dead five months after a trip to Russia, an inquest heard.

Father-of-two Matthew Puncher, 46, bled to death at his home from multiple stab wounds inflicted by two knives.

A pathologist said he could not ‘ exclude’ the possibility that someone else was involved in the death – but concluded the injuries were self-inflicted.

It led a coroner to record that Dr Puncher – who discovered the amount of toxic polonium inside ex-KGB agent Litvinenko after he drank poisoned tea in London in 2006 – committed suicide.

[…]

He was an expert in radiation protection dosimetry and worked for Public Health England at the UK’s Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, Oxfordshire.

He had been given sole responsibility over a contract with the US Federal Government for a programme measuring polonium levels inside people who previously worked on the USSR’s nuclear weapons. 

Head of department at Harwell, George Etherington, described Dr Puncher’s concerns that his ‘miscalculation’ of the effects of the radiation on the workers would land him prison as ‘irrational’.

The inquest also heard that redundancies and restructuring at Public Health England’s premises in Harwell, near Didcot, had resulted in Mr Puncher receiving a much greater workload.

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健康相談事業の住民請求退ける 流山市監査委員 via 東京新聞

東京電力福島第一原発事故の放射性物質による健康不安の解消を目的にした、流山市の健康相談事業を巡る住民監査請求で、市監査委員は、担当医師への一日三万円の報償費は不当ではないなどとして、請求を退けた。決定は今月四日付。

 甲状腺エコー検査の助成実施を念頭に、現行の相談事業は非効率だとして、見直し・廃止を求めて監査請求した元教諭の高橋亮子さん(67)は「これからも別の方法で助成の実施を求めていく」と話した。

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Second earthquake in three days hits Fukushima, no tsunami warning this time via UPI

FUKUSHIMA, Japan, Nov. 23 (UPI) — An earthquake hit off the coast of Japan near Fukushima for the second time in three days Wednesday, though there was far less cause for concern this time.

The Japan Meteorological Agency said a 6.1 magnitude earthquake hit off the shore of southern Fukushima, but no tsunami warning was issued Wednesday, as was the case days ago. Although the quake was felt as far away as Tokyo, there were no reports of damage or injuries.

[…]

No abnormalities were detected at Fukushima or other nuclear power stations in the area, unlike what followed the 7.4 magnitude earthquake early Monday morning.

While no lives were lost and there was little damage in that quake as well, the government issued a tsunami warning — waves were seen, but no major damage was reported — and 10,000 people were evacuated while power was briefly lost due to waves affecting nuclear power stations.

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ベトナム原発中止、新興国開拓に暗雲 日本勢に打撃 via 日本経済新聞

ベトナム政府が同国南部に計画していた原子力発電所の建設を白紙撤回したことで、日本の原発メーカーは海外戦略の練り直しを迫られる。なかでも仏アレバと組んで最新鋭の中型炉「アトメア1」の受注をめざしていた三菱重工業には痛手だ。もうひとつの有力な輸出先と期待するトルコの原発も計画の遅れに悩まされている。

「いつかは必要になる技術なのだが……」

三菱重の原発関係者はため息をつく。計画ではロシアと日本がそれぞれ受注して2028年にも稼働する予定だった。安倍政権が成長戦略として掲げるインフラ輸出の重要なプロジェクト。日本政府はアトメア1を推奨しており、計画さえ動き出せば採用は確実とみられていた。

アトメア1は安全対策を強化し、出力も大容量の送電網がない場所でも扱いやすいように抑えた「新興国向けの戦略炉」だった。三菱重は06年に大型の加圧水型軽水炉(PWR)で競合のアレバと手を組み開発した。

ベトナムだけではない。三菱重とアレバの日仏連合はトルコでも旗色が悪い。内政の混乱もあり建設主体となる事業会社の設立が遅延。事業化調査の結果次第では撤退も現実味を帯びるが、中国メーカーも参入の機会をうかがっており引くに引けない状態に陥っている。

原発の建設には1基でサプライヤーを中心に300~500社が関わる。プロジェクトが中止になると影響も大きい。国際原子力開発(JINED)を通じ、ベトナムの原発計画に参画していた東芝の関係者は「まだ役割分担は決まっていなかったものの、関連設備の受注機会が減るのは残念」と肩を落とす。

(略)

国内で原発の再稼働が見通しにくくなっているなか、三菱重、東芝、日立の3社は燃料事業の統合交渉に踏み出した。もはや国内だけで技術や設備を維持するのは難しい。リスクは常につきまとうが、外の市場にこぎ出さないという選択肢も残されていない。

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France announces alarm over nuclear power plants via Ansamed

PARIS – Due to technical problems and financial difficulties experienced by energy giants EDF and Areva, the conditions of French nuclear power plants ”has become very worrisome”, Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) president Pierre-Franck Chevet said on Wednesday. Interviewed by the economic insert of Le Figaro, he said that 12 reactors had been shut down for inspections and stressed the need to reconsider the entire chain of control in order to make nuclear power safer. He added that the situation had worsened since April 2015 and that excessive carbon had been found in the steel of European Pressurized Reactors (EPR) and that 12 reactors had been halted or were about to be stopped in order to verify whether the excess of carbon in the steel would alter the mechanical resistance in the steam generators.

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China wants to turn Chernobyl exclusion zone into solar power plant via RT

Two Chinese companies have announced plans to build a one gigawatt solar photovoltaic plant in the exclusion zone surrounding the Chernobyl nuclear reactor, reviving the site after the worst nuclear power plant disaster in history.Thirty years after a catastrophic meltdown in 1986 forced the authorities to evacuate all people and create an exclusion zone within a 30 kilometer radius of the Soviet nuclear plant located on the territory of modern Ukraine, Chinese clean energy giant Golden Concord Holdings Limited (GCL) embraced the ambitious project of reviving the area by building a solar plant within the exclusion zone’s confines.

GCL System Integration Technology (GCL-SI), a subsidiary of the GCL Group, announced that it would cooperate with the China National Complete Engineering Corp (CCEC) on plant construction, which is expected to be started in 2017.

[…]

The Chernobyl disaster was the deadliest nuclear plant catastrophe in the human history. According to UN data, almost 50 people died from trauma, acute radiation poisoning, a helicopter crash and cases of thyroid cancer immediately after the accident. Further studies conducted by the World Health Organization revealed that the total number of deaths caused by the radiation effects from the disaster amounted to about 4,000 by 2005. 

On 26th April 1986, during a failed safety experiment, the plant’s Reactor 4 experienced a meltdown that resulted in an explosion and the release of vast quantities of radiation into the atmosphere. The accident made a 30 square kilometer zone around the plant uninhabitable, although a radioactive dust cloud spread over much of Europe.

Now, a giant radiation shield made of steel is being maneuvered over the site to prevent the further leakage of radioactive material from the damaged facility as fears that the current concrete sarcophagus could eventually deteriorate and collapse are growing.

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