Cities Snub Plan to Save Nuclear Power With Mini Reactors via Bloomberg Green

A project to revive nuclear power by demonstrating the viability of small, factory-built reactors has a problem: At least two cities that agreed to participate have pulled out and others may join them before a Sept. 30 deadline.

The defections from the group of 35 that had signed up spell trouble for Portland, Oregon-based NuScale Power LLC, which is developing the modular reactors with hundreds of millions of dollars from the U.S. Energy Department.

Small reactors have been billed as a way to revive the nuclear industry, which, despite being carbon-free, has been struggling amid high costs and competition from cheaper natural gas and renewable energy. The reactors, some as small as a single-family house, are faster and less costly to build than conventional ones because they can be constructed in a factory and shipped out.

[…]

The fact the project is experiencing defections could indicate trouble for the nuclear industry writ large, said Peter Bradford, a former member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

“It tells you the future is dark,” Bradford said in a phone interview. “The nuclear renaissance was built on a promise that those designs would be modularized and that these advanced designs would be the wave of the future.”

[…]

The project was originally supposed to begin producing electricity in 2026. Since then, completion has been pushed back to 2030 and the cost has doubled to $6.1 billion. Only 213 megawatts of the project’s 720 megawatts have been committed, according to the Utah Associated Municipal Power Systems, the public power consortium whose members are participating in the project.

Cities have until Wednesday to pull out, but already two Utah cities — Logan and Lehi — have, despite losing hundreds of thousands of dollars, with city officials saying the project was too risky for them to continue.

A third city, Bountiful, Utah, has said they are weighing whether to pull out as well.

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Tokyo Olympic torch relay to start on March 25 in Fukushima Pref via Japan Today

[…]

The relay will start from the J-Village soccer training center and last for 121 days while traversing all of Japan’s 47 prefectures. The previous schedule for each region was maintained aside from a one-day adjustment to fit next year’s calendar.

The Olympics are slated to open on July 23 next summer followed by the Paralympics on Aug 24.

Approximately 10,000 runners who had already been selected will be given priority for the nationwide relay. Organizers said they will stick with the local routes and events that were already planned in principle but may make future adjustments according to the status of each region.

The Paralympic torch relay will be held in August.

Organizers had been seeking to shorten the torch relay schedule in order to reduce swelling costs caused by the games’ delay but abandoned the idea after receiving strong disapproval from local governments already banking on the event.

As a result, only reducing the size of the vehicle convoys, staff and pageantry of some of the events connected to the relay are under review as potential areas for cost cutting and streamlining the games.

[…]

The flame has remained in the host country since and is currently on public display at the Japan Olympic Museum near the main stadium for the games in central Tokyo until Nov. 1.

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Three takeaways from the 2020 World Nuclear Industry Status Report via Bulletin of Atomic Scientists

By John Krzyzaniak, September 25, 2020

The size of the global nuclear fleet has been stagnant for 30 years, and last year was no different. According to the 2020 World Nuclear Industry Status Report, released Thursday, there were 408 nuclear reactors online across the world as of July 1, 2020—a decline of nine units since the middle of last year and roughly on par with the number of reactors in operation in 1988.

The bulky 361-page industry report was compiled by an international team of independent experts led by Mycle Schneider, a consultant based in Paris. Over the last 15 years, it has become well-known for offering accurate but often sobering assessments of the state of nuclear energy across the globe. Last year, Schneider pointedly asserted that “the world is experiencing an undeclared ‘organic’ nuclear phaseout.”

[…]

First, although the raw number of worldwide reactors is well below its all-time high of 438, their actual combined electricity generation came close to setting a record. As a whole, they generated 2,657 terawatt-hours of electricity in 2019, only three terawatt-hours below the historic peak in 2006. The United States, Russia, and China all hit individual country records for total electricity production from nuclear energy. Nevertheless, nuclear energy’s share of the energy market is in long-term decline, as other forms of energy witness rapid expansion.

Second, China continues to be the main driver of new nuclear energy, but over the long term its intentions are uncertain. The number of new projects there appears to be slowing. Whereas two years ago there were 20 units under construction, today there are only 15. Moreover, China missed its nuclear energy goals for 2020 by a sizeable margin: It planned to have 58 gigawatts of installed nuclear capacity and 30 more gigawatts under construction, but it currently has about 45 gigawatts capacity online and only 14 more under construction.

Third, reactor construction delays and cost overruns continue to plague the nuclear industry and, notably, early indications suggest that small modular reactors may be no exception.

[…]

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原発事故賠償の天王山、「生業訴訟」判決の行方 via 東洋経済ONLINE

仙台高裁で国の責任めぐり、初の判決が下る

岡田 広行 : 東洋経済 解説部コラムニスト

仙台高等裁判所で9月30日、国と東京電力を相手取った福島第一原子力発電所事故の被災者による「生業(なりわい)訴訟」の判決が予定されている。

原告の総数は3627人と、原発事故の被害救済を求めて全国で争われている約30件の訴訟のうちで最も規模が大きい。国および東電の両者を相手取っての高裁判決としては初めての事例となり、原発事故訴訟の「天王山」と目されている。

原告は、国および東電の法的責任の再認定とともに、空間放射線量率を原発事故前に戻す「原状回復」および「平穏生活権」の侵害に対する慰謝料を求めている。

(略)

今まで経験したことのない強い揺れを体験した2011年3月11日の夕方、地元の消防団員からの「とにかく西へ逃げてください」という指示に従った。それ以来、深谷さんは知人から紹介された廃屋同然の空き家や旅館、壁が薄くプライバシーのない賃貸住宅など約10カ所を転々とする避難生活を続けた。県の復興公営住宅を経て、長男が用意した郡山市内の二間の住宅に腰を落ち着けたのは2019年11月のことだ。

失われた平穏な生活、今も帰還困難

仙台高裁の裁判長らは2019年5月27日、「浜通り」と呼ばれる原発周辺地域の被害や復興の状況を自ら見て回った。「現地進行協議」と呼ばれる手続きだ。このとき、深谷さんの元の自宅も調査の対象となった。

深谷さんの自宅がある富岡町の夜ノ森地区は放射線量が高かったことから「帰還困難区域」に指定されており、戻って生活することができない。帰還困難区域の入り口にはゲートが設けられていて、立ち入りには町の許可が必要だ。

原発事故から長い年月が経過するうちに、人の住まなくなった自宅は荒れ果てていた。立ち入りが難しい地区であるにもかかわらず自宅の中には誰かが侵入したようだった。仏壇は何者かが移動し、畳の一部には獣によって荒らされた跡が残されていた。同じ敷地内の美容室は天井が抜け落ち、人の背丈よりも高く雑草が生い茂っていた。

「私は自宅で美容室を営んでいた。仕事をしながらの近所の人たちとの語らいが何よりの楽しみだった。そんな生活が原発事故によって一瞬のうちに失われてしまった。親しくしていたお客さんとも連絡が取れません」。深谷さんはそうした被害のありさまを裁判で切々と語った。

(略)

「賠償の水準」が変更されるかが焦点

その一方で、損害賠償総額は5億円弱(原告1人当たり1万円~36万円)にとどまった。富岡町など避難指示解除準備区域の旧居住者については、国が中間指針で定めた賠償額を超える損害は認められないとされたうえ、福島市など「自主的避難等対象区域」に住む原告についても、追加賠償認定額は16万円に限定された。

同じ県内でも会津地区の住民については賠償すべき損害があるとは認められなかった。「賠償の水準は被害の実態に見合ったものにはなっていない」と馬奈木弁護士は地裁判決の問題点を指摘する。

高裁判決ではこうした認定に変更が加えられるかどうかが焦点になる。地裁判決では、福島市など自主的避難等対象区域において被害が発生している期間について、原発事故直後の2011年3月から、当時の野田佳彦首相が冷温停止宣言をした2011年12月までに限定されている。

生業訴訟の判決に続き、2021年に1月および2月には、群馬県および千葉県に避難してきた住民らが起こした訴訟の判決が東京高裁で予定されている。

全文は原発事故賠償の天王山、「生業訴訟」判決の行方

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原発事故めぐる国の責任、初の高裁判決へ 避難者ら注視 via 朝日新聞

(略)

2017年10月の福島地裁判決は、政府が02年7月に策定した「長期評価」で、福島沖で津波地震が起きる可能性を指摘した点を重視。国が津波を予見して、東電に安全対策を指示すれば事故を防げたとして、東電と国に計約5億円を支払うように命じた。一方、原告が住んでいた土地の放射線量を事故前の水準に引き下げる原状回復請求は、除染の方法が特定されていないとして棄却し、原告・被告とも控訴した。

 原告の弁護団などによると、これまでの原発事故をめぐる集団訴訟では、国が被告の13の訴訟で地裁判決が出た。うち7地裁は津波の予見性を認めて国に賠償を命じる一方、6地裁は予見性は認めつつも、国が東電に安全対策を指示しても事故までに間に合わなかったなどとして、国に責任があると認めなかった。

 18年10月に始まった仙台高裁の審理でも津波の予見性が争われており、原告は約280億円の損害賠償を求める一方、国と東電は長期評価の信頼性は低いため津波は予見できず、国の指針による賠償額以上を支払う必要もないと主張している。(小手川太朗、飯島啓史)

(略)

「裁判官も国も東電も、よく見て行ってください。原発事故で避難したら、我が家がこんなにもひどくなるってことを」

 19年5月、仙台高裁の裁判官らの視察。変わり果てた自宅で原告の深谷敬子さん(76)が訴えた。白い防護服の人々は誰も声を発さなかった。ただ、後で弁護士から「涙を浮かべていた裁判官がいましたね」と知らされた。

(略)

一審判決は国と東電の責任は認めたが、「原状回復」や「ふるさと喪失」といった原告の主張は退けられた。「この裁判には絶対に勝ちたい。本当に欲しいのは、国や東電からの『申し訳ない。大変な思いをさせました』と心のこもった一言。今回はいい判決をもらいたい」と願う。(力丸祥子)

全文は原発事故めぐる国の責任、初の高裁判決へ 避難者ら注視

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‘Reverse course’ towards full nuclear disarmament – UN chief via UN News

On the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons marked on Saturday, the UN chief has underscored the need to “reverse course and return to a common path to nuclear disarmament”.
 

Almost 75 years since the adoption of the first General Assembly resolution in 1946, which committed the UN to the goal of ridding the planet of nuclear weapons, “the world continues to live in the shadow of nuclear catastrophe”, Secretary-General António Guterres said in his message commemorating the day.

[…]

The UN has long upheld that the onus to lead disarmament is on the States that possess nuclear weapons.  

Mr. Guterres concurred that those nations must “return to real, good-faith dialogue to restore trust and confidence, reduce nuclear risk and take tangible steps in nuclear disarmament”.  

He also stressed that they reaffirm the shared understanding that “a nuclear war cannot be won and must not be fought” and take steps to implement the commitments they have made.

A gloomy picture

Yet, according to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), some 13,400 nuclear weapons remain today.

Moreover, the countries possessing these weapons have well-funded, long-term plans to modernize their nuclear arsenals. 

[…]

“The only guarantee against the use of these abhorrent weapons is their total elimination”, spelled out the Secretary-General, adding that the UN “stands ready to work with all States to achieve this shared goal”. 

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世界で再生エネ発電、原発超える コストも優位、欧米は廃炉進む via 東京新聞

世界全体の再生可能エネルギーによる発電量が昨年、初めて原発を上回ったとする報告書をフランス、日本、英国などの国際チームが26日までにまとめた。太陽光や風力が急増する一方、原発は先進国で廃炉の動きが相次ぐなど停滞が目立ち、前年をやや上回る水準にとどまった。 チームの一員でコンサルタントのマイクル・シュナイダー氏は「原発の発電コストは高く、世界のエネルギー市場で競争力を完全に失っている」と指摘した。

全文は世界で再生エネ発電、原発超える コストも優位、欧米は廃炉進む

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Suga visits disaster-hit Fukushima nuclear power plant via The Japan times

FUKUSHIMA – Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga on Saturday visited the disaster-stricken Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant, where decommissioning work is taking place.

[…]

Suga said during a Friday meeting on the rebuilding of the region that he will “inherit the policy” from the previous administration and keep pushing reconstruction forward.

His trip also includes a visit to a museum on the disaster and a meeting with students from local junior and senior high schools.

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菅首相 福島第一原発など視察「責任もって復興に取り組む」via NHK News Web

(抜粋)

菅総理大臣は、26日、就任後初めての地方視察として、福島県を訪問しました。

ことし3月、9年ぶりに全線で運転を再開したJR常磐線で、午前11時過ぎに大熊町に到着した菅総理大臣は、まず、東京電力福島第一原子力発電所を訪れました。

(略)

続いて、菅総理大臣は、今月20日に双葉町にオープンした、県の伝承施設「東日本大震災・原子力災害伝承館」を訪れ、住民の避難の記録や、震災後に世界各国から寄せられた支援の品を展示するコーナーなどを見て回りました。

このあと、菅総理大臣は、復興を担う人材育成を目指して広野町につくられた、県立の中高一貫校「ふたば未来学園」を訪れ、生徒3人が、地域の課題の解決に向けて取り組んでいる学習活動の成果を発表しました。

このうち、祖父が漁師だという、中学2年生の小野雄太郎さんは、風評被害の払拭のため、地元の漁業の魅力を伝える絵本をつくりたいと話していました。生徒たちの発表を聞いた菅総理大臣は、「目標をしっかり持って頑張っているのは本当にすばらしい。私は、『意志あれば道あり』をモットーに一生懸命頑張り、いつのまにか総理大臣になった。失敗をおそれず頑張ってほしい」とエールを送っていました。

一連の視察のあと、菅総理大臣は、記者団に対し、「総理大臣に就任して初めての訪問先に、福島を選んだ。福島第一原発については、廃炉作業が安全で着実に進展していることを確認した。今後も復興と廃炉の両立のために、国が前面に出て、しっかり取り組んでいきたい」と述べました。そのうえで、増え続けているトリチウムなどの放射性物質を含む水の処分方法について、「今後できるだけ早く、政府として責任を持って処分方針を決めたい」と述べました。

全文は菅首相 福島第一原発など視察「責任もって復興に取り組む」

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Radioactive soil plan casts shadow over Fukushima village via Japan Times

Fukushima Minpo. September 11, 2020

Keiko Shigihara, 58, soaks up the summer sun as she looks over her property in the village of Iitate in Fukushima Prefecture, from where she evacuated after the meltdowns at the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear power plant following the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami.

The land where her home used to be is now an empty lot. Cherry trees and oak trees are the only things left.

[…]

Iitate’s Nagadoro administrative district, where her home was located, was designated a no-go zone due to its high radiation levels. But the Environment Ministry later designated the district as an area where radiation-tainted soil removed as part of the decontamination process would be reused to fill the land for farming.

The project is slated to begin by March 2021.

[…]

That peaceful lifestyle was upended in 2011. Life in evacuation, bleak as it was, continued for years, and the family did not know if they could ever return or what would happen to their home.

But, at the end of 2016, the government said, out of the blue, that it was planning to bury the contaminated soil to create arable land.

“Contaminated soil was supposed to be taken to an intermediate storage facility” where it’s preserved safely, Shigihara said. She was worried whether it was safe to bury it in the ground.

Naturally, the plan drew concern from local residents.

Deliberation between the central government, the village and its residents spanned a year.

Local residents were worried about whether it was possible for people to live there again if they were to go ahead with the project, or that a damaging reputation would haunt agricultural products harvested there.

But the government pressed on, saying it will be an experimental case to reuse contaminated soil in local areas. The government ensured it would also closely monitor radiation levels in the air and conduct tests to make sure the produce is safe.

In the end, locals gave in and the project was given the green light in November 2017.

In April 2018, 186 hectares of the Nagadoro administrative district’s 1,080 hectares were designated for the project. The village of Iitate proposed in May to lift evacuation orders.

At the end of last year, Shigihara’s cherished home was demolished for the plan. Watching it be torn down would have been too painful, so she waited to return until after it was done.

“Anything to help my hometown recover,” she said.

Fresh produce is being cultivated nearby and experiments have been conducted to plant crops on contaminated soil without adding a layer of uncontaminated soil.

In the long wait for Nagadoro’s residents to return home, the clock has finally begun moving again.

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