関電「差し止めは不当」　名高裁金沢で大飯原発控訴審 via 北國新聞

Posted on 2014/11/11 by yukimiyamotodepaul

関西電力大飯原発３、４号機（福井県おおい町）の運転差し止め訴訟の控訴審第１回口 頭弁論が５日、名高裁金沢支部（内藤正之裁判長）であった。関電側は２基の再稼働を認 めなかった一審福井地裁判決を「科学的知見に基づいておらず、重大な事実誤認がある。 司法判断として不当」と破棄を求めた。住民側は「２基の安全性は確保されておらず、運 転停止は適切な判断」と控訴棄却を求め、一審判決が認定しなかった原発から２５０キロ 圏外の住民も危険にさらされていると主張した。

原子力規制委員会は１０月の審査会合で、関電が大飯原発３、４号機の「基準地震動」 （耐震設計の目安となる地震の揺れ）を現行から引き上げたことを「おおむね妥当」と了 承しており、裁判所が２基の安全対策をどう評価するかが焦点となる。

今年５月の一審判決は、大飯原発の設備の安全性や地震対策に構造的な欠陥があると指 摘。「根拠のない楽観的な見通しの下に成り立つ脆弱（ぜいじゃく）なもの」として、原 発から２５０キロ圏内の原告１６６人の主張を「具体的な危険があり、人格権が侵害され る」と認めた。

関電側は控訴理由書などで、「基準地震動」を下回る地震でも外部電源が断たれ、冷却 機能などが確保できない可能性があるとした一審判決について、「設備は耐震安全性を有 しており、原子炉が危険な状態となることはない」と反論した。

住民側は志賀原発２号機の運転差し止めを命じた２００６年３月の金沢地裁判決（名高 裁金沢支部で逆転敗訴、確定）を引用し、原発から２５０キロ圏外の住民も危険にさらさ れていると指摘。「許容限度を超える放射線量を被ばくする恐れがある」として、関電側 に危険性を否定する立証責任があるとした。

意見陳述した住民代表の住職中嶌哲演（なかじまてつえん）さん（７２）＝小浜市＝は 「関電は福島第１原発事故の現状を踏まえず、相変わらず安全神話を前提とした事実認定 を求めている」と批判した。

続きは関電「差し止めは不当」　名高裁金沢で大飯原発控訴審

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Update — Dangerous Uranium Hexafluoride Leak Worse Than Initially Reported, Regulator Says via NEIS

Posted on 2014/11/10 by

CHICAGO– A more serious incident occurred at the Honeywell Uranium conversion facility in Metropolis, Illinois than was originally reported by the plant operators to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The NRC Event Report states,
“DISCOVERY OF AFTER-THE-FACT EMERGENCY CONDITION – ALERT DECLARATION NOT MADE DURING EVENT INVOLVING URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE LEAK After review of additional observations and other evidence not directly involved with the response, Honeywell has determined that the event should have been upgraded at 1942 [CDT] on 10/26/14, to an ‘Alert’ classification per our classification criteria.”

“Emergency response and public awareness to a hazardous release from Honeywell depends on the reliable, honest and timely reporting by Honeywell. No government agencies can detect in real time an ongoing release of radioactive Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6) or toxic Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) at the facility,” stated Gail Snyder, Board President of Nuclear Energy Information Service, a nuclear power watchdog organization based in Chicago.

[…]
An updated NRC Event Report states “the NRC inspection found that Honeywell did not recognize that the HF (Hydrogen Fluoride) released from the FMB (Facilities Management Building) warranted an emergency classification of ALERT. “ As a result Honeywell did not notify the Nuclear Regulatory Commission at that time. The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency which issues the site permit and regulates the process where the leak occurred was not notified of the incident until a few days after it happened.

Currently the production of Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6) is shutdown at the facility while an internal investigation and corrective actions are evaluated and discussed with the NRC. In a confirmatory action letter resulting from an NRC emergency inspection, Honeywell is required to “review and revise [their] emergency preparedness procedures, if necessary, and conduct appropriate training to provide assurance that events can be classified correctly, and appropriate emergency response actions can be implemented.” From this wording it does not indicate if Honeywell’s failure to accurately understand and convey the seriousness of the incident was a failure of their Emergency Response Plan or insufficiently trained or inexperienced workers.

On-strike union workers have claimed that replacement workers are not well trained and do not have the experience to operate the facility as safely as union workers would.

[…]
The Honeywell facility does not have a ten-mile Emergency Planning Zone around it like nuclear energy facilities do which require some preparedness information be provided to the public on what to do in the event of an emergency. Joe Miller from Massac County’s Emergency Management department said, “the sirens that are activated offsite during an emergency may not always be heard by people who are inside a residence or building,” where other sounds from televisions, radios etc…may not allow them to hear the sirens. Emergency Management Director for the City of Metropolis, Keith Davis, who is also the director for the 911 service of the county, said that during an emergency Honeywell determines the severity and classification of an event as well as the action recommendations which are then directed to dispatch. Prompt public notification of an emergency can come in the form of sirens and reverse 911 calls or through the emergency alert system. The original reporting from Honeywell or its revised status of an “alert” would not have initiated public notifications. If the status was raised to a “Site Area Emergency” that would indicate the possible offsite release of Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6) and/or Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) which would initiate public notifications.

On October 26, 2014 Honeywell reported a leak of Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6) claiming the leak was contained within the building, later admitting that the leak was not contained in the building and was released into the environment while still claiming it did not go offsite of the facility. A union worker on strike outside the facility filmed the plume coming out of the top of the building and drifting across the property before water suppression systems were activated. Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA) states that their department’s radiation monitoring equipment stationed outside the facility’s fence boundary did not monitor anything unusual. The other dangerously toxic chemical, Hydrogen Fluoride Gas (HF), which could be a significant risk to the neighboring community is not monitored by IEMA.

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Car bomb, house explosion rock solar energy campaign in Louisiana via fusion.net

Posted on 2014/11/10 by

The home and two cars of a campaign finance director for a pro-solar energy candidate running for Louisiana’s utility regulatory board were blown up Thursday.

No one was injured in the explosions, and authorities have yet to established a direct link between the apparent attacks and the campaign’s efforts to promote solar energy, according to local station WWL.

But the ATF is assisting in the investigation of the incidents, according to NOLA.com. The finance director targeted, Mario Zervigon, a well known political operative in the state, is taking a break from campaigning for candidate Forest Bradley-Wright.

Bradley-Wright is campaigning on a program that allows Louisiana solar-panel users to continue to sell their excess electricity to utility companies. He is facing incumbent Eric Skrmetta, who seeks a cap on how much electricity solar customers can sell. They are competing in a run-off election for a seat on Louisiana’s Public Service Commission, which sets electricity rates in the state. Bradley-Wright has received most of his campaign funds from the solar industry, according to WWL.

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As U.S. nuclear arsenal ages, other nations have modernized via Los Angeles Times

Posted on 2014/11/10 by yukimiyamotodepaul

[…]

The debate over how to modernize America’s aging nuclear forces has taken on increasing urgency with the emergence of a newly assertive Russia and a new generation of nuclear powers with increasing technological sophistication.

North Korea, Pakistan and India all are working quickly to improve their nuclear arsenals and delivery systems. By next year, China is expected to be capable of delivering a nuclear strike anywhere in the continental U.S. for the first time in its history — a threat that Russia has posed for decades.

While the nuclear confrontation between the United States and Russia cooled off after the 1991 fall of the Soviet Union, it has never ended. Indeed, the long-held hope for continual reductions in nuclear forces now seems unattainable, nuclear arms analysts say. For the first time in years, the U.S. and Russia each have increased the number of nuclear warheads deployed over the latest six-month monitoring period — the U.S. by 57 additional weapons and Russia by 131.

Russia is spending $560 billion on military modernization over the next six years with 25% allocated to aging nuclear forces, part of a program to replace all of its Soviet Union-era launchers. U.S. officials say it will take at least $355 billion over the coming decade to upgrade America’s nuclear arsenal and keep up with the rearmament spree underway in the rest of the world.

[…]

In rural Great Falls, Mont., a small ranch house stands on the prairie with a sign at the gated entrance that reads “Ace in the Hole.” The house, tucked amid the rolling hills just off Highway 200, is a facade for what lies beneath it.

In a cramped capsule 70 feet below the house, Air Force Lt. Katie Grimley, 26, and Lt. Wesley Griffith, 28, command a fleet of 10 towering missiles capable of obliterating any spot on Earth in 30 minutes or less.

The underground capsule is one of many launch-control centers spread across 28,852 acres at Malmstrom Air Force Base. When it was first built, it was equipped with the latest gadgetry that 1962 had to offer.

[…]

The $355-billion price tag for modernizing the aging U.S. “nuclear triad” of bombers, submarines and land-based missiles over the next decade may not even be realistic, according to Jeffrey Lewis, an analyst with the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies in Monterey. He said the actual expense, taking into account the tremendous spike in costs for new submarines, bombers and ballistic missiles, is likely to approach $1 trillion over the next 30 years.

The Air Force is able to maintain about 98% of its existing ICBMs on alert, despite their age, but even that comes at a high price. Upkeep expenses over the last three years have increased 36% to about $1.3 billion when compared to the same time frame a decade ago.

But can the U.S. afford to back away? Failure to maintain at least parity for U.S. nuclear forces could open the door to a fundamental recalculation in the balance of global power, analysts say.

Read more at  As U.S. nuclear arsenal ages, other nations have modernized

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I Saw Nuclear Armageddon Sitting on My Desk via The Daily Beast

Posted on 2014/11/10 by yukimiyamotodepaul
The father of the atomic bomb warned the Red Army could roll over Europe unless the U.S. stockpiled nukes but he was ignored and blackballed. I saw the top-secret danger myself in 1951.

With Russia playing a new game of dangerous brinkmanship – at least 40 scary incidents in the skies with NATO air defenses in the past eight months – it may seem like a Cold War replay. But things were once a lot closer to the brink than most people knew. I knew: Nuclear Armageddon was staring me in the face on a daily basis. Documents marked “Cosmic Top Secret” passed over my desk. They were military assessments of the Soviet Army’s order of battle in Europe. There was, I soon realized, nothing to stop Soviet tanks rolling over the central European plain and all the way to the North Sea coast.

This was not a war game. It was real.

It was 1951 and I was a conscript serving in the Royal Air Force. By pure chance I had been posted to Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers in Europe, SHAPE, on the outskirts of Paris. I was of extremely low rank, a Senior Aircraftman – only one rung above the bottom. Nonetheless, here I was sitting only two offices away from the very top, the office of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander himself.

[…]

In 1954 J. Robert Oppenheimer, the “father” of the atomic bomb, had his security clearance revoked and his long and distinguished career as a physicist was prematurely terminated. This was at the height of Senator Joe McCarthy’s witch-hunt of alleged communists in high places. Oppenheimer was suspected of being a Soviet mole on the basis of his associations in the 1930s – his brother and wife had been communist party members, as were many intellectuals of the day.

The accusation was rubbish. Oppenheimer’s work at Los Alamos in the 1940s had given the U.S. nuclear dominance. And now, after 60 years, the disgraceful falsity of the charge has finally been confirmed.

Transcripts from hearings held by the Atomic Energy Commission in 1954 have recently been declassified and studied by scholars. The villain turns out to have been Oppenheimer’s mendacious rival physicist, Edward Teller. He told the hearing of Oppenheimer: “I would feel personally more secure if public matters would rest in other hands.”

In fact, Teller was competing with Oppenheimer for resources. Richard Rhodes, author of a history of Teller and his mission to build the Hydrogen Bomb, told The New York Times that Oppenheimer was worried about a ground war in Europe and that the U.S. urgently needed to stockpile atomic weapons to deter Soviet attack. Producing one H-bomb would have diverted enough resources to produce 80 atomic warheads.

In 45 pages of declassified testimony, Walter G. Whitman, a member of the Atomic Energy Commission’s advisory body, said of Oppenheimer: “…his advice and his arguments for a gamut of atomic weapons…has been more productive than any other one individual.”

The Energy Department, successor to the Atomic Energy Commission, has not explained why it has taken so long to release papers that would vindicate Oppenheimer and show that he was among those who knew how precarious NATO’s defenses were.

Read more at I Saw Nuclear Armageddon Sitting on My Desk

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特集ワイド:川内原発の再稼働、鹿児島県知事が同意　地方への差別じゃないか via 毎日新聞

Posted on 2014/11/10 by yukimiyamotodepaul

◇机上の避難計画のまま強行先例に？／周辺自治体住民に怒り

福島の惨事から３年８カ月、再びこの国は原子炉を動かすことにした。新規制基準の下での「第１号」が鹿児島県の九州電力川内原発だ。住民の不安と反対をよそに、薩摩川内市に続き、県が原発再稼働に同意した。住民の胸に去来するのは何か。現地を歩いた。【吉井理記】

錦江湾のど真ん中で、桜島が噴煙を上げる。鹿児島市街はこの日も火山灰で煙っていた。２００９年から活発化し、毎日のように小噴火を繰り返している。

灰が舞う中、伊藤祐一郎知事が再稼働に同意した７日、鹿児島県庁前で再稼働に反対する住民ら約４００人が抗議集会を開き、「再稼働を許さない ぞー」としきりにシュプレヒコールを上げた。だが、もはやあきらめムードが漂う。１０月から座り込みを続けてきた住民も「今日で撤収です」と力ない。

「原発事故は立地自治体だけでなく、その周辺の自治体をも破壊することは福島を見れば明らかです。なのに再稼働の地元同意は、県と薩摩川内市だけ に限られている。同じリスクを共有する周辺自治体の住民の声は考慮せずにゴーサインを出した。こんな横暴、乱暴はないのに怒りの声が形にならない……」。 ため息をつくのは鹿児島大非常勤講師、杉原洋さん（６６）だ。地元紙・南日本新聞の元記者で、１９７９年から２年間、運転前の川内原発を取材した。

再稼働の「同意対象」がどこまでなのか法律の定めはなく、事実上各電力会社の裁量に委ねられている。川内原発の場合は県と薩摩川内市以外の自治体は、避難計画策定が義務づけられる緊急防護措置区域（ＵＰＺ、原発から３０キロ圏内）にあっても発言権はない。

川内原発の場合、このような自治体は８市町ある。姶良（あいら）市議会は「再稼働に反対し、川内原発の廃炉を求める」意見書を、いちき串木野、日 置両市議会は自らも「同意対象」に加えるよう伊藤知事に求める意見書を可決した。だが、ほかの市町ではこうした動きはない。そればかりか、８市町の首長か らは「再稼働やむなし」の声ばかりが聞かれる。

杉原さんが薩摩川内に赴任した年に起きたのが米スリーマイル島原発事故。だから当時は周辺自治体も反対の声が強かった。それでも８４年の運転開始時には原発の安全性を疑う声は聞かなくなった。

「『のど元過ぎれば……』という側面もあるのでしょうが、むしろこれは構造的な問題です。県知事や国に逆らえない、田舎の事情があるんです」と嘆息した。

事情とは何か。

（略）

県の事情も似たりよったりだ。今年度予算７８８２億円のうち国庫支出金などの依存財源は約７割に上る。ちなみに同県で公選された戦後の知事７人のうち、現知事を含め実に６人が旧自治省などの中央官僚からの転身組だ。

政治的事情もある。ある自治体の公明党関係者は「結局は党本部の意向に従うしかないが、再稼働に賛成した公明党県議も内心は納得していないし、有 権者に説明できないと困り果てていたんです。一部の自民党県議も『よりによって何で東京は我々を一番手にしたんだ、基地を押し付けられる沖縄と同じだ』と ぼやいていたらしい」と明かす。

杉原さんが付け加える。「より中央から遠く、より弱い県や自治体にしわ寄せがくる『差別構造』としか言いようがない。政府が川内原発を再稼働第１ 号に選んだのも、東京から遠く国民の関心も低いから、としか思えない。鹿児島だけの問題ではないんです。全国の人が声を上げなければ、より弱い地域・人が 犠牲になる構図はなくなりません。それほど『安全』と言うなら、東京に原発を造ってほしいのですが」

川内原発を皮切りに、避難計画が現実的かどうかなど関係なく、全国で原発が動き出すのだろう。

ささくれた心を癒やしたくて、田中さんの案内でいちき串木野市の山奥にたたずむ鎮国寺を訪ねた。脱原発を志す人々が「心のよりどころ」として全国から会いに来るという住職の村井宏彰さん（６５）がつぶやく。

「原発で潤う人はいるのでしょう。でも子々孫々にまで災いを及ぼすかもしれない原発を、今、この時代しか生きない私たちが『お金がもうかるから』という理由だけで動かして本当にいいのですか」

山の向こう、遠く川内原発が見えた。この国の人々すべてが考えねば、と思う。

全文は特集ワイド:川内原発の再稼働、鹿児島県知事が同意　地方への差別じゃないか

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Scotland Produced Enough Wind Energy in October to Power Every Home via ThinkProgress (Reader Supported News)

Posted on 2014/11/09 by

ccording to new numbers published by WWF Scotland this week, wind turbines generated enough electricity in October to power 3,045,000 homes in the U.K. — more than enough for all the homes in Scotland.

Referring to it as a “bumper month” for renewable energy, WWF Scotland’s director Lang Banks said in a statement that “while nuclear power plants were being forced to shut because of cracks, Scotland’s wind and sunshine were quietly and cleanly helping to keep the lights on in homes across the country.”

Based on figures provided by WeatherEnergy, part of the European EnergizAIR project, the data also showed that for those homes fitted with solar panels, there was enough sunshine to meet around 40 percent of the electricity needs of an average home.

Wind energy has been thriving in the U.K. in recent months. In August the U.K set a new record for wind power generation, with wind accounting for seventeen percent of national demand. This came around the time that EDF Energy announced it was temporarily shutting down four of its U.K. reactors, or around a quarter of its total nuclear generating capacity, due to longevity issues. The four EDF reactors under investigation were commissioned in 1983 and are officially scheduled to be taken out of service in 2019.

Even for the U.K., Scotland is a green energy leader. As of September, the country got 29.8 percent of its electricity from renewables, 34.4 percent from nuclear, and only 34.4 percent from fossil fuels. Scotland hopes to generate the equivalent of 100 percent of its electricity from renewables by 2020 and to export non-renewable production from conventional power plants to countries like England.

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Yucca Mountain redux via Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Posted on 2014/11/09 by yukimiyamotodepaul

The Republican takeover of the Senate and consequent sidelining of the Democratic majority leader, Nevada Sen. Harry Reid, will undoubtedly increase calls for reviving the Energy Department’s proposed nuclear waste repository at Nevada’s Yucca Mountain. The project got a big boost from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff when it recently concluded that the Energy Department has “demonstrated compliance with NRC regulatory requirements” limiting long-term radioactive leakage from the proposed repository. This result produced headlines like this one, which ran in the New York Times in October: “Calls to use Yucca Mountain as a nuclear waste site, now deemed safe.”

US Rep. John M. Shimkus, Republican of Illinois, said, “Today’s report confirms what we’ve expected all along: Nuclear waste stored under that mountain, in that desert, surrounded by federal land, will be safe and secure for at least a million years.” But the hosannas are premature. The NRC staff did not explain, and no one in the media seems to have caught on, that its favorable conclusion reflected the Energy Department’s pie-in-the-sky design for Yucca Mountain—not the repository as it is likely to be configured. The likely repository configuration doesn’t come close to meeting NRC requirements.

[…]

Realistically, a century into the project, the underground tunnels would have deteriorated considerably and collapsed in part. Dust would sharply limit visibility. The tunnels would have to be cleared of rubble for a remotely operated underground rail system to transport robotic equipment and the five-ton drip shields to the waste canisters. The shields would then have to be installed end-to-end, so as to form a continuous metal cover inside the tunnels, obviously a delicate, complex, and extremely expensive operation. Is it reasonable to believe that after 100 years, with the nuclear waste in the repository long out of the public mind, that Congress would appropriate enormous sums of money for the Energy Department to go back into the tunnels to install the shields? Can we really rely on an agency that hasn’t yet cleaned up a nationwide radioactive mess that dates from World War II to keep a promise that it will do something a century into the future? Will there even be an Energy Department in 100 years?

Naturally, because it would be fatal to the project, the Energy Department does not display a computer simulation that shows what happens at Yucca Mountain without drip shields. More surprising, the NRC has not asked for such a simulation. The result for the no-drip-shield situation can, however, be extrapolated from simulations that the Energy Department has run for other contingencies. The former head scientist for the Yucca Mountain project confirmed to me in 2008 that the extrapolation result obtained in this way is correct. (Disclosure: I was then working for the State of Nevada, which of course opposed the project.) The Energy Department argued, however, that such a calculation was irrelevant, because the NRC cannot, in its review of the Yucca Mountain project, look past the promise of its “sister agency” that it would install the crucial drip shields. That argument seems to have worked in keeping simulations of the behavior of a no-drip-shield Yucca Mountain out of NRC proceedings, and out of the public eye.

Continue reading at Yucca Mountain redux

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仏原発にまた謎の無人機、東部のビュジェ原発 via AFP

Posted on 2014/11/09 by yukimiyamotodepaul

【11月9日 AFP】フランス東部ビュジェ（Bugey）の原子力発電所は8日、正体不明の無人機が6日に同原発上空を飛行したと明らかにした。

同原発のホームページに掲載された発表によると、「原発の監視担当チームが、無人機に類似した機体が原発敷地の境界付近の飛行禁止空域に侵入しているのを確認した」という。

同原発の周辺ではこれ以前にも4機の飛来が確認されているが、これまでのところ原発の稼働への影響は出ていない。

今年10月19日以降にフランス国内の原発周辺で飛行しているのが見つかった正体不明の無人機は、これで19機となった。

続きは仏原発にまた謎の無人機、東部のビュジェ原発

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【川内原発】　事故防災に強い懸念　避難計画、政府「了承」も via 47news

Posted on 2014/11/08 by

　九州電力川内原発（鹿児島県）の半径３０キロ圏の自治体が策定する避難計画の実効性には疑問符が付いたままだ。再稼働を急ぐ安倍政権は、計画が実効的として「了承」したが、 福島の事故時の避難で多くの死者を出した病院の入院患者への対応など 課題は多く、住民から強い懸念の声が上がっている。
　「原発の安全性が１００パーセントでないなら、最低限、避難計画は１００パーセントのものを作るべきだ」。同県日置市で１０月２９日に開かれた住民説明会では、計画の不備に対する住民の不満が噴出した。
　福島の事故で被害が広域化した反省から、避難計画の策定など事前に対策をとる原子力防災の重点区域を、１０キロ圏から３０キロ圏に拡大。川内原発で対象となる自治体も、薩摩川内市など２市から９市町に増えた。新たに区域に入った自治体は原子力防災のノウハウが乏しい上、対象住民も大幅に増加。輸送手段の確保などが難航している。
　病院の入院患者や老人ホームなど福祉施設の入所者は、避難先でも医療設備やスタッフの対応が必要になる。しかし計画では、１０キロ圏（１７施設、約８２０人）の避難先は確保したものの、１０キロ圏外（２２７施設、約９７００人）については事前に確保できていない。
　政府は当初、要援護者も３０キロ圏を対象に避難先の事前確保を求めていたが、鹿児島県の伊藤祐一郎知事は１０キロ圏外について「空想的なものは作れるが、機能しない」と当面策定しない方針を明言。政府も容認している。
　計画で指定した避難ルートや避難先が確実に使えるかも不透明だ。３０キロ圏に入る日置市の計画では、海岸沿いの国道も避難ルートにしているが、担当者は「高潮で冠水するかもしれない」と計画が複合災害に対応していないことを認めている。

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