Katrinさんインタビューvia Hope Step Japan!

Posted on 2021/04/22 by nfield

Hope Step Japan!では２０２１年３月に自主避難者のkatrinさんにお話を伺いました。 Katrinさんは避難後、以下の活動をされています。 1.本の出版 https://www.amazon.co.jp/-/en/Katrin/…​ 2.寄稿 https://wan.or.jp/general/search?sear…​ 3.福島の原発事故による裁判の一覧サイト運営 http://nuclearpowerplant311.livedoor….​ 4.福島原発事故被害者団体連絡会（ひだんれん）のサイト運営 http://hidanren.blogspot.com/​ 5.オンラインカフェの運営 https://www.facebook.com/zoomcafesdgs​ 私たち、HOPE STEP JAPAN!は、オランダ、アムステルダム周辺に住む有志のつながりです。 ２０１１年の東日本大震災を起点とし、被災地の状況や原発問題等、震災後見えてきた問題について共に学び、考える場と機会をつくることを目的に活動しています。 ２０１２年より毎年３月に行うメモリアルイベントを始め、数々の勉強会、イベントをアムステルダムで開催し、専門家のお話を伺う他、独自の研究結果やプロジェクトの発表、子供向けワークショップ、募金活動、美術展示、パフォーマンス、映画鑑賞会など行なっています。 震災の記憶や関心が薄れてゆく近年、あの震災からの教訓を記憶にとどめ、より良い未来へつなげるために、さらに多くの人と情報を共有できるオンラインプラットフォームづくりを目指して活動しています。 この活動に興味がある方がいらっしゃいましたら、info[@]hopestepjapan.comまで、是非ご連絡ください。

Posted in *日本語 | Tagged | 10 Comments

Britain’s nuclear past: the fallout from the High Explosive Research programme via History Extra

Posted on 2021/04/22 by yukimiyamotodepaul

British nuclear tests conducted in the 1950s exposed many thousands of servicemen to high levels of radiation. Gordon Murray explores the poisonous legacy of the euphemistically named High Explosive Research programme | By Gordon Murray

“We were ordered to kill the birds which had been injured by the explosion. Some were still flying around, but they were blind, as their eyes had been burned out. We used pickaxe handles to kill the birds. I did not like doing this, but we had no choice because of the terrible condition they were in.”

On 7 November 2019, during routine Scottish parliamentary proceedings, Member of the Scottish Parliament George Adam read out this piece of shocking testimony from a long-time friend, Ken McGinley. It is just one of many horrific anecdotes to emerge from Britain’s secret nuclear history, many of which are being told by the British Nuclear Test Veterans Association, representing men sent to build explosive devices and to carry out and witness Britain’s nuclear bomb tests.

[…]

Those men’s story has never been fully told, yet the repercussions of those events are still being felt today, passed on between generations. Between 1952 and 1958, the British government tested nuclear bombs at various sites in Australia and the south Pacific islands. Many thousands of servicemen were involved, serving a variety of functions in building and maintaining the sites. However, many of these men feel that their main function was to witness and be exposed to the blasts, and to live among the fallout – to be part of an experiment on a huge scale in which they (and, later, their descendants) were to be subjects.

The story of the nuclear tests and their aftermath is a narrative of terrifying apocalyptic traumas, sudden deaths, slow declines, cancers, musculoskeletal disintegration, dreadful birth defects, paranoia, conspiracy theories and chronic pain, all undercut with a strange, intangible relationship with change that may or may not be taking place in the body at the chromosomal level.

[…]

Veterans recounted being told to swim down to the seabed, wearing just trunks, to collect radioactive fragments; at the surface, they handed those pieces to scientists wearing lead-lined suits and masks, who took the debris with long pincers before placing it in lead boxes. During research for the new BBC Radio 4 programme Archive on 4: After The Fallout, I came across numerous accounts of people washing radioactive dust from land vehicles or planes that had flown through mushroom clouds. John Walden, who served at Maralinga in South Australia, described this: “…in their khaki shorts, bare-chested, they’ve got big, thick khaki socks on, and boots. And what they do is they first of all swab the aircraft down of dust but then climb on the wing that is hot through radioactivity and, as their bum is sliding along, so they’re scrubbing off [ ] So there is every opportunity both from their hands and from their breath to ingest, and from their knees gripping and their bum as it slides along the wing, to become radioactive themselves […] Here were chaps who were made radioactive cleaning radioactive aeroplanes.”

[…]

It is hard to pinpoint the moment when veterans began to understand that the effects would be long-term. Pilots vomited after flying through the mushroom cloud. Soldiers noticed burns on their bodies after the blast. Men became ill after eating the same fish that boffins sent away for analysis. All could be easily diagnosed as short-term effects, to be remedied and forgotten once back at home. Even there, when young men – reunited with their families, perhaps back on civvy street – became ill, developing lymphomas or other cancers, or even died at a young age, it would be seen as unfortunate, even tragic. But they had no reason to suspect that the same issues might be affecting a large number of the thousands of other men who had worked on the experiments.

[…]

British nuclear veterans represent just one of many groups impacted. Serving personnel from other nations who worked on nuclear bomb tests, including the US and New Zealand, launched similar (but often more successful) campaigns for compensation. Those most deeply affected, of course, have been Australia’s Indigenous communities who lived near test sites. Some of their experiences were investigated by the Australian Royal Commission into the tests in 1984–85, but otherwise have been little heard or recognised.

[…]

As the global nuclear stakes shift and turn towards a new immediacy, we must reflect on our own peacetime nuclear history and the community formed through the legacy of those distant tests – the men, and their descendants, who must live with the ‘nuclear uncanny’. We must ensure that their story continues to be told, offering them one thing they never asked for: exposure.

Read more at Britain’s nuclear past: the fallout from the High Explosive Research programme

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American Honey Still Contains Radioactive Fallout From Nuclear Tests Decades Ago via Science Alert

Posted on 2021/04/21 by yukimiyamotodepaul

PETER DOCKRILL

Traces of radioactive fallout from nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s can still be found in American honey, new research reveals.

The radioactive isotope identified, cesium-137, falls below levels considered to be harmful – but the amounts measured nonetheless emphasize the lingering persistence of environmental contaminants in the nuclear age, even a half-century after international bomb tests ended.

[…]

One of those isotopes was cesium-137, a byproduct of nuclear fission involving the reaction of uranium and plutonium, which can often be found in trace amounts in food sources due to such nuclear contamination of the environment.

Some of these traces are much fainter than others, Kaste found out – but only by chance, as it happened, after assigning his students a Spring Break assignment in 2017.

To demonstrate to his class how radioactive contaminants from mid-20th century nuclear testing still persisted in the environment today, Kaste asked his students to bring back locally sourced foods from wherever they spent the holidays.

As expected, various samples of fruits, nuts, and other foods revealed very faint traces of cesium-137 when measured with a gamma detector, but even Kaste wasn’t prepared for what happened when he ran the same test with a jar of honey from a North Carolina farmer’s market.

[…]

Of the 122 honey samples tested, 68 showed detectable traces of the radioactive isotope – a legacy of atmospheric nuclear tests conducted by the US, the USSR, and other nations during the Cold War era.

The majority of detonations occurred above the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean and Novaya Zemlya, an Arctic archipelago in northern Russia, with other tests being conducted in New Mexico and Nevada.

According to the researchers, the cumulative effect of over 500 of these test detonations released more ionizing radiation to the atmosphere than any other event in human history – not that all the blasts were equal in scope.

“We know that the cesium-137 production from the Pacific and Russian sites was more than 400 times the production of the New Mexico and Nevada explosions,” Kaste says.

[…]

Not just rainfall

While the pollution may be globally ubiquitous, honey’s high levels of cesium-137 compared to other food sources show that the fallout appears to concentrate in unexpected ways – but we can now explain that mystery too.

Rainfall might be the predominant force taking cesium-137 out of the atmosphere and depositing in on Earth’s surface, but the honey samples registering the highest amounts of the radioactive isotope weren’t produced in regions of the US that receive the most precipitation.

[…]

“What we see today is a small fraction of the radiation that was present during the 1960s and 1970s,” Kaste says.

“And we can’t say for sure if cesium-137 has anything to do with bee colony collapse or the decline of population.”

Read more at American Honey Still Contains Radioactive Fallout From Nuclear Tests Decades Ago

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Virtual event brings together people impacted by U.S. nuclear legacy via The Fig Tree

Posted on 2021/04/21 by nfield

For the virtual Washington-Marshall Islands Nuclear Remembrance Week March 15 to 20, organizers gathered many groups affected by U.S. nuclear testing in the Marshall Islands from 1946 to 1958, and survivors of other bombings and test sites, people impacted by mining, transport, processing and clean-up, and young people.

[…]

On Monday, an intergenerational panel from Spokane’s Marshallese community included two elders who survived nuclear testing, Bubu Erine Jitiam and Sam Levai, and two youth, Laura Daniel and Catherine Loeak.

The elders told how U.S. nuclear tests vaporized several islands and atolls, and radiative contamination left some islands unfit for habitation. The tests dislocated people, destroyed their culture, damaged the land, sea and marine life, but few in the U.S. knew what took place.

Although they were in their 20s then and it is now 64 years since the testing, their fear and pain continue.

“People and animals kept dying,” said Bubu, who gave birth to three babies who died soon after birth with birth defects.

Catherine found only brief mention of the Bikini bomb in a history class. Through high school and college, she wrote about it and now uses social media to amplify messages.

[…]

On Tuesday, three speakers—Twa-le Abrahamson-Swan of the SHAWL (Sovereignty Health Air Water Land) Society, Samantha Redheart of the Environmental Restoration and Waste Management program of the Yakama Nation, and Trisha Pritkin of Consequences of Radiation Exposure—told how U.S. nuclear programs affected the Spokane and Yakama tribes, and people living near Hanford.

In addition, the Rev. Senji Kaneada, a Buddhist monk, and Emma Belcher, president of the Ploughshares Fund, connected concerns to the peace movement.

Francine Anmontha Malieituua of the Marshall Islands National Nuclear Commission connected the speakers.

The session opened with a video of Deb Abrahamson, who died Jan. 1, speaking at Indigenous People’s Day, telling of her life as a warrior for justice against the Midnite Mine’s uranium contamination that caused the cancer that took her life at 66.

Uranium from the mine was processed at Hanford for the bombs tested in the Marshall Islands. People in those sites suffer similar cancers and illnesses.

Deb’s daughter Twa-le, Samantha and Trisha continue to tell their stories and educate about the effects of nuclear production from people exposed to radiation and toxins from mining uranium through nuclear waste that contaminates the lands and waters of the Yakama Nation and affect people living downwind of Hanford. That facility also produced the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

[…]

Samantha, who has been on the technical staff of the Confederated Yakama Nation’s environmental program since 2009, not only keeps people informed on cleanup at Hanford but also educates Yakama youth in science, law and STEM.

“Hanford is a multigenerational challenge,” she agreed. “Because we are impacted, the Yakama nation has strict cleanup guidelines. The Columbia River must be protected. Our homeland cannot be a sacrifice zone to nuclear waste. The Yakama Nation Treaty of 1855 cannot be abrogated by the Department of Energy (DOE). Local communities can participate virtually in public meetings, as work continues to protect Yakama cultural sites.

The DOE recently tried to reclassify 66 million gallons of high-level waste at Hanford as low-level. That would contaminate the Columbia River. She summarized decades of progress removing millions of tons of contaminated soil, treating millions of gallons of ground water, cocooning six reactors, demolishing hundreds of buildings and removing two old test reactors, but said there is more to do. 

[…]

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Activists respond on water contamination via Samoa Observer

Posted on 2021/04/21 by nfield

Regional environment and climate non-Governmental organisations (N.G.O.) Youngsolwara Pacific and Youth4Climate Project have raised concerns over Japan’s decision to release 1 million tonnes of water contaminated from the damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant into the Pacific Ocean. 

Youngsolwara Pacific, which is based in Fiji, is a group of young activists who look at Pacific issues mostly related to the ocean. 

The Youngsolwara Pacific coordinator, Joey Tua told the Samoa Observer in a telephone interview on Monday that it is not just any other ocean, it is the Pacific Ocean.

“The Youngsolwara Pacific has made a statement in support of other regional calls and just calling on the Japanese government to hold off the discharge and consult Pacific leaders or the region,” he said. 

Mr. Tua emphasised the need for an independent review that is satisfactory to all Pacific member states. 

He said to look towards independent reviews and other alternatives before taking the final decision to discharge the water into the Pacific Ocean as Pacific livelihoods solely depend on the Pacific Ocean. 

Mr. Tua stated that we already have experiences of the nuclear testing which took place in the Pacific, of which he says people are still living with the impacts. 

He highlighted that there would not only be an impact on fisheries but also to the marine life, as it also poses health risks to islanders. 

They are appealing to the Pacific leaders to take a firm position and remind the Japanese about its role as a development partner in the Pacific, and remind others that the Pacific is a nuclear-free zone as the leaders have signed the Treaty of Rarotonga.

Youngsolwara Pacific also appeals to the incoming Samoan Government to take a firm position on this as a member of the Pacific Islands leaders Forum, and also as Samoa has ratified the Treaty on the Prohibition of nuclear weapons.

The Country Coordinator for Youth4Climate, Jennifer Coffin told the Samoa Observer on Friday in a response to queries that the ocean has always been a part of us and who we are as a people. 

“As Pacific Islanders, the ocean is what unites and divides, connects and separates, sustains and threatens our very survival. The ocean influences every aspects of our life,” she said. 

[…]

She is of the view that there are several ways in place that she is sure the Japanese Government can take into consideration over the action they ought to make.

“[…]suggestions by a few of my colleagues… Japan can opt to build a storage facility to maintain the contaminated water and dispose a few drips of the water in the ocean over the years, but not entirely disposing [at once] the whole contaminated water,” she said. 

“Also, they can utilize their technology, research and innovative people to look into other ways to dispose this water then the action the government is opting to go for. Planet & People over Profit.”

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運転開始から４０年超えの原発　県議会が再稼働“容認”へvia NHK News Web 福井News Web

Posted on 2021/04/21 by nfield

運転開始から４０年を超えた県内にある３基の原子力発電所について、県議会の最大会派、「県会自民党」は、再稼働を事実上、容認する考えを示しました。
杉本知事は、近く県としての最終的な判断を示すとみられ、県が再稼働に同意すれば４０年を超えた原発としては全国で初めてとなります。

東京電力福島第一原発の事故のあと国内の原発は、法律で運転期間が原則４０年に制限されていますが、国の審査に通ると最長６０年まで延長が可能で、県内では、関西電力の美浜原発３号機と高浜原発１・２号機の３基が認可を受けています。
この３基の再稼働についてことし２月に、立地する美浜町と高浜町が同意を表明したことから県議会でも再稼働の是非が議論されてきました。

[…]

全文

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大学生34人が団体剃髪で日本の「原発処理水放出」に抗議…「女子大生」の姿も＝韓国　via WoW! Korea (YAHOO!ニュースJAPAN)

Posted on 2021/04/20 by nfield

[…]

韓国大学生進歩連合は20日午後1時ごろ、ソウル・チョンノク（鍾路区）の日本大使館前で、日本政府の原発処理水放出決定を糾弾し、韓国政府の積極的な抗議を求めるため、坊主頭にした。 　同日の団体剃髪式には当初、32人の大学生が参加するとされていたが、現場で2人が追加で参加し、計34人が剃髪した。団体剃髪式は4人ずつ一列に座り、断髪する方式で行われた。丸刈りの参加者の中には髪の毛が胸元まであるロングヘアの女性参加者もいた。大学生らは悲壮な表情で淡々と剃髪式に臨んだ。 　現場には100人余りの取材陣とユーチューバーらが集まり、団体剃髪式に対する関心を示した。

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The Long Road to Nuclear Justice for the Marshallese People via Facing South (Portside)

Posted on 2021/04/20 by nfield

Olivia Paschal

The largest nuclear weapon ever detonated by the United States went off on the evacuated Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands on March 1, 1954.* Nearly a thousand times the strength of the atomic bombs that the U.S. dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which killed hundreds of thousands of people, Castle Bravo was one of 67 nuclear weapons tested by the U.S. military in and around the Pacific Island chain from 1946 to 1958.

At the time, the United Nations had given the U.S. administrative authority over the Marshalls, 29 coral atolls made up of 1,156 individual islands and islets. The U.S. had responsibility for, among other things, guarding the health of the islands’ inhabitants and protecting them against loss of land and resources.

But the U.S. testing resulted in entire islands vaporized and others rendered uninhabitable due to radioactive fallout, displacing thousands of Marshallese people — many of whom out of necessity now live in the country whose government uprooted them from their homes, but where they are not citizens. The radioactive fallout from the tests led to cancer, birth defects, and diseases and chronic health conditions that persist today. The one atoll the U.S. attempted to clean up, Enewetak, still has millions of cubic square feet of radioactive waste — including lethal plutonium — housed in a concrete structure called Runit Dome that’s threatened by rising seas from climate change. And 75 years after the nuclear testing began, the U.S. has still not publicly released all the information it has about its extent or effects.

[…]

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Orkney’s uranium reprieve via Beyond Nuclear International

Posted on 2021/04/19 by nfield

Maxwell Davies’ music memorializes an important victory

By Linda Pentz Gunter

On a midsummer day on Saturday, June 21, 1980, in a Victorian Hotel on the Orkney Islands, resident composer Peter Maxwell Davies and actress Eleanor Bron performed the composer’s newest piece — The Yellow Cake Revue. It was part of the Islands’ annual St. Magnus Festival, founded by Maxwell Davies, poet George Mackay Brown and Archie Bevan. 

“Yellow cake” or uranium ore, seemed like an unlikely subject matter for a cabaret. But Maxwell Davies was an unlikely kind of musician — deeply connected to causes including gay rights, anti-war and the environment.

[…]

That concert — bold, wild, different — was in 1975. But unbeknownst to me at the time, Maxwell Davies and his fellow residents of the Orkney Islands, — an archipelago located just off the northeastern coast of Scotland and where the Salford-born Maxwell Davies had chosen to settle — were already confronting an ominous new threat that would consume the islands for several years.

The Orkneys were being surveyed for a potentially valuable deposit of uranium ore. The South Scottish Electricity Board had already persuaded local farmers, unaware of the health risks, to allow bore hole drilling on their land.

The uranium “corridor” as it was known, stretched from the town of Stromness to the cliffs of Yesnaby, both of which would feature as piano interludes in Maxwell Davies’ haunting new piece — as the now well-known refrain, Farewell to Stromness, and as Yesnaby Ground.

[…]

By 1977, the entire local population on Orkney opposed uranium exploitation there. Among those opponents was Max. A Public Examiner was appointed to examine both sides of the case for and against uranium mining in Orkney. 

The Public Examiner recommended the plan be abandoned.

As Bevan, who died in 2015, recounts it, the Orkney population universally opposed the uranium plan “not only from the fear of pollution itself, with the gravest consequences for the second principal town of the islands, but also from the point of view of the psychological damage and disastrous social and economic implications of uranium extraction on Orcadian fishing, dairy farming and tourism.”

“The Yellow Cake Revue,” writes Bevan, “symbolizes the active position of vigilance inside Orkney.”

[…]

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【121カ月目の汚染水はいま】「風評被害でなく実害を招く」中通りからも海洋放出に反対の声「結論ありきじゃないか」　via 民の声新聞

Posted on 2021/04/18 by nfield
  • 2021/04/10

原発事故後に大量発生している〝汚染水〟の海洋放出に「NO」と言っているのは浜通りの漁業者だけでは無い。東北新幹線が通る中通りでも反対の声があがっている。地元メディアでは連日「風評」の二文字が報じられているが、二本松市のコンビニ経営者は「薄めたって放射性物質はある。実害だ」と怒る。「結論ありき。時間延ばしを図って来ただけだろう」と怒る男性も。13日にも閣僚会議で海洋放出が正式決定されるとの報道が相次いでいるが、ギリギリまで抗議行動が展開される予定で、当事者無視の強行に県民の怒りはさらに高まりそうだ。

原発事故後に大量発生している〝汚染水〟の海洋放出に「NO」と言っているのは浜通りの漁業者だけでは無い。東北新幹線が通る中通りでも反対の声があがっている。地元メディアでは連日「風評」の二文字が報じられているが、二本松市のコンビニ経営者は「薄めたって放射性物質はある。実害だ」と怒る。「結論ありき。時間延ばしを図って来ただけだろう」と怒る男性も。13日にも閣僚会議で海洋放出が正式決定されるとの報道が相次いでいるが、ギリギリまで抗議行動が展開される予定で、当事者無視の強行に県民の怒りはさらに高まりそうだ。


【「薄めても放射性物質ある」】
　「まず『風評』という言葉が、これが違うんじゃないでしょうか。『実害』ですから。山にも畑にも、放射能はまだ実際に存在しています。今回も『汚染水を海に流したら風評が広まる』と言うけれど、放射性物質が含まれる水を海に流すのは事実でしょう。『風評』でも何でもありませんよ。なぜそれを『風評』なんて言ってしらばっくれているのか。おかしいと思います。『風評』じゃないです。放射性物質が含まれる水を流すんです。薄めたって放射性物質はあるんです」
　二本松市針道でコンビニエンスストアを経営する服部浩幸さん＝「『生業を返せ、地域を返せ！』福島原発訴訟」（生業訴訟）原告団事務局長＝は、そう語気を強めた。
　政府の避難指示が出されなかった中通りでは、早くから「ここで生きていくしか無い」との声が多く聞かれた。避難したくても出来ない人が少なくなかった。いつしか被曝リスクは「風評被害」という言葉にかき消された。汚染や被曝リスクを口にすると、復興の足を引っ張るかのような言われ方をされる事もあった。実害に光が当たらず「風評」ばかりが叫ばれる構図は、汚染水の海洋放出問題でも同じだと服部さんは言う。
　「日々の生活では、放射能ばかり気にしているわけにもいきません。個々人が判断してどこかで折り合いを付けながら、妥協点を探しながら生きていかなくちゃいけません。それが現実です。そのためには正確な情報、開かれた情報が不可欠です。綿密な調査を継続し、データを公表する。それがあって初めて判断出来ます。そもそも放射線というのは、浴びなければ浴びないに越した事は無いんです。微量であっても、浴びなくて済むのなら浴びない方が良いんです。汚染水だって同じです。海に流さなくて済むのなら1ベクレルでも流さない方が良いに決まってる。どうしても海に流さなければならないのなら、世界中の魚や微生物の許可を得てからやれと言いたいくらいですよ」

【「住民投票なら反対多数」】
　「例えば花見。桜の名所を記した地図に最新の放射線量を示せば、『ここは高いから、幼い子どもを連れていくのはやめておこうか』とか『このくらいだったら大丈夫かな』などと判断出来ます。それが本来のあるべき姿だと思います。でも、それが無いんです。そこが全部無視されてしまって、全て元通りになりましたというような…。逆に、こういう事を言うと『』風評加害者』のような言われ方すらされてしまう部分もありますよね」
　そう語る服部さんも、経営者として忙しい毎日を送る。「浜通りの人たちはその辺りは切実だと思うんだけど、私のように中通りに住む人の関心は低いと思う。どこか他人事のようなところがあるんじゃないかな。話題に上る事も少ない。原発事故そのものがそういう感じだけどね」。汚染水が海洋放出された場合に直接的な影響を受ける浜通りとは、どうしても温度差があるという。
　「私もコンビニを始めて丸3年になるんだけど、毎日の仕事に忙殺されていると、もうね、それで手一杯。仕事以外の事を考える余裕は無いな。テレビや新聞で見聞きしたとしても、より自分にとって重要な話題…消費税だとか感染症の支援策だとか、そっちに意識が行ってしまう。それはどこの家庭も同じだと思う。景気なんか良くなっていないし、感染症で追い打ちをかけられてる。その中でも何とか食って行かなくちゃならない。子どもを育てなきゃいけない。それに忙殺されるわけですよ」
　一方で「もし住民投票で決めましょうという事になったら、反対が多数を占めると思います。そのくらいやっても良いと思いますけどね」とも。だがこれまで、そのような機運は高まらなかった。
　「日本人が変わらなきゃいけない時期なんですよ」と服部さん。そもそも、汚染水は福島だけの問題では無い。福島県民だけが考えるべき問題では無いのだ。

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