End the Nuclear Insanity via Huffington Post

More than four decades ago, the nations with nuclear arsenals and the world’s non-nuclear states entered into the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT); the nuclear states — the US, Russia, UK, France and China — pledged that if the states that did not have nuclear weapons agreed not to develop them, they would enter into good-faith negotiations toward the elimination of their nuclear arsenals. During the ensuing years, the three nations that did not sign the NPT — namely India, Pakistan, and Israel — developed nuclear weapons. All of the non-nuclear weapons states that signed the treaty except North Korea have kept their pledge.

Unfortunately, the nuclear powers have not kept their part of the bargain. While the US and Russia have dismantled many of their nuclear weapons since the end of the Cold War, they retain thousands of them, enough to destroy the world many times over.

More importantly, they have made clear that, in defiance of their treaty obligations, they do not intend to eliminate their arsenals. Instead, all of the states that possess nuclear weapons today are engaged in massive upgrades of their nuclear arsenals. The US alone expects to spend $1 trillion on this modernization program over the next three decades.

While the nuclear powers claim that their arsenals only exist to deter the threat of attack from other nuclear states, their actual military doctrines tell a different story. The US refuses to rule out the first use of nuclear weapons, even against states that don’t possess them. Russia plans to use nuclear weapons early on in conventional conflict with NATO. Pakistan similarly threatens to use tactical nuclear weapons against Indian conventional forces. India threatens to retaliate with strategic nuclear forces.

In the face of this intransigence, most of the states that do not possess nuclear weapons have decided that they must act. They are not planning to build nuclear weapons of their own, but are demanding that the nuclear powers honor their obligations.

In 2013 and 2014, more than 150 countries came together — in Oslo, Vienna and Nayarit, Mexico — in a series of historic conferences on the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons, to focus attention on the actual consequences of nuclear war. These conferences examined the latest scientific findings, that show that even a limited nuclear war, involving less than 0.05% of the world’s nuclear arsenals, would cause catastrophic climate disruption across the planet and lead to a global famine that could put up to 2 billion people at risk of starvation. Other data shows that a large scale war between the US and Russia would cause even more profound climate disruption, producing a nuclear winter that would kill the vast majority of the human race and could cause our extinction as a species.

In response to these warnings from the scientific and medical community, more than 100 nations have met in Geneva over the last five months at an Open Ended Working Group, convened by the UN General Assembly, to consider how to pressure the nuclear powers to disarm.

The recommendation of this OEWG will be presented to the General Assembly this month. A resolution sponsored by Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Mexico, Nigeria and South Africa calls for the UN to convene a formal negotiating conference in 2017 to conclude a new treaty that prohibits the possession of nuclear weapons.

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原発再稼働「反対」6割 接戦の新潟知事選 via 東京新聞

共同通信社は七~九日、任期満了に伴う新潟県知事選(十六日投開票)を前に電話による世論調査を実施し、取材結果を加味して情勢を探った。いずれも無所属新人の前長岡市長森民夫氏(67)=自民、公明推薦=と医師米山隆一氏(49)=共産、生活、社民推薦=が激しく競り合う展開となっている。ただ、四割がまだ投票先を決めておらず、今後の情勢は変化する可能性がある。

(略)

 主要な争点となっている東京電力柏崎刈羽原発の再稼働の賛否について「どちらかといえば」を含め「反対」と答えたのは60・9%で、「賛成」は「どちらかといえば」を含め24・2%。反対派が賛成派を大きく上回った。

 再稼働について、「反対」と答えた人は36・5%。どの候補者に投票する予定かを分析すると、再稼働に慎重な共産、生活、社民の三党が推薦する米山氏が、再稼働に前向きな自民、公明両党の推す森氏のほぼ倍の支持を得た。

 しかし、「どちらかといえば反対」(24・4%)では、森氏と米山氏はほぼ拮抗(きっこう)。推薦政党の再稼働に対するスタンスとは必ずしも一致していない。

 一方、「賛成」(8・4%)や「どちらかといえば賛成」(15・8%)と回答した人では、森氏が米山氏の倍以上の支持を集めた。

 いずれも無所属新人の行政書士後藤浩昌氏(55)と元団体職員三村誉一氏(70)は厳しい

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Upstate nuclear plants’ bailout among biggest in NY history via lohud.com

The tab for one of the largest corporate bailouts in the state’s history will be picked up by every New Yorker with an electric bill.

The state plans to guarantee billions in revenue over 12 years for three nuclear power plants located in struggling upstate New York towns desperate to hold onto hundreds of jobs and the property taxes the plants generate so they can keep schools open and teachers paid.

While the bill will be paid by ratepayers across the state through a roughly $2-a-month increase in electric bills, ratepayers in Westchester and Rockland counties, for instance, will not benefit directly from the power generated by the plants, The Journal News/lohud has found.

[…]

New York’s position

State officials say the plan’s critics are missing the point.

They say the Clean Energy Standard recognizes the so-called “social cost of carbon” and provides clean-air energy benefits that will be shared by people across the state.

“Retention of the zero-emission attributes of New York’s upstate nuclear plants would avoid the emission of approximately 15 million tons of carbon per year,” says a staff proposal written by the New York State Energy and Research Development Authority. “Losing the carbon-free attributes of nuclear generation, before the development of new renewable resources between now and 2030, would undoubtedly result, based on current market conditions, in significantly increased air emissions due to heavier utilization of existing fossil-fueled plants or the construction of new gas plants.”

State officials estimate that, if the electricity generated by the upstate power plants is lost, the state will experience some $1.4 billion in public health and societal costs linked to carbon emissions. They estimate that the closure would cost ratepayers $7 a month.

[…]

Renewables push

Cuomo views nuclear power as a bridge to the future when the state will rely on renewable energy sources like wind and solar power for 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2030, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent.

Opponents say the state should be putting the $2-a-month increase toward its own goal of making the state reliant on renewable energy sources in the decades to come.

[…]

The closure of FitzPatrick, which officials said was posting annual losses of $60 million, would mean the loss of 615 jobs and $17.3 million in annual property taxes, the coalition noted. School officials say the loss of tax revenues from FitzPatrick would have opened up a $12.5 million hole in their $54.5 million budget.

“The plant is a vital part of the region’s economy, and an indispensable part of New York state’s plan to dramatically increase the emissions-free portion of the state’s energy mix,” U.S. Rep. John Katko, a Republican who represents part of Oswego and several central New York counties, wrote in a September letter to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, urging it to approve the sale of FitzPatrick.

Exelon said its offer is contingent on the state backing the subsidy package.

Read more and listen to interviews at Upstate nuclear plants’ bailout among biggest in NY history

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Cosmic radiation may leave astronauts with long-term cases of ‘space brain,’ study says via the Los Angeles Times

[…]
The UC Irvine-led study, published in Scientific Reports, adds to a growing body of research on the harmful effects humans may reckon with as they venture out longer and deeper into space, whether on trips to Mars or potentially beyond.

“The most logical conclusion to draw from these studies is that cosmic radiation exposure poses a real and potentially detrimental neurocognitive risk for prolonged deep space travel,” the study authors wrote. “With the growing realization that space is a radioactive environment comes the need to more completely define these risks with more certainty through continued research.”

It’s well-known that radiation can damage neural tissue and hurt cognitive function; cancer patients with brain tumors who need radiotherapy end up with what the study authors called “severe and progressive cognitive deficits.” But it’s not clear exactly what effect space radiation has on the brain because there are different types of radiation and they’re delivered in different doses.
「。。。」The scientists found that even six months after radiation exposure, the rodents still were suffering from brain inflammation and neural damage. Neurons sported fewer dendrites and spines, which meant their neural networks were less interconnected than in a healthy brain.

On behavioral tasks, the rodents exposed to radiation performed poorly on tests of learning and memory. Their ability to suppress unpleasant and stressful associations also declined — an effect that could make someone prone to anxiety over a multiyear trip to the Red Planet and back.

“The inability to moderate reactions to certain unpleasant stimuli could elicit elevated stress, anxiety and otherwise disadvantageous responses in unexpected or emergency situations,” the study authors wrote.

Read more.

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官民連携で広がる太陽光と小水力発電、原子力を代替する災害に強い電源 via IT media

関西電力の原子力発電所が集中する福井県の若狭湾から、滋賀県の北部までは10キロメートルほどしか離れていない。滋賀県民の原子力発電に対する危機感は根強いものがある。県内に再生可能エネルギーの発電設備を拡大して、原子力の依存度を引き下げる取り組みを加速させている。

 滋賀県が2016年3月に策定したエネルギービジョンのテーマは「原発に依存しない新しいエネルギー社会の実現」である。県を挙げて節電を推進して電力の消費量を減らすのと同時に、再生可能エネルギーとコージェネレーション(熱電併給)の電源を増やして自給率を高める構想だ(図1)。
震災前の2010年には県内の電力消費量の3分の1を原子力が担っていたが、その分を2030年までに節電効果で削減していく。並行して再生可能エネルギーとコージェネ・燃料電池による分散型の電源を拡大することで、県内で消費する電力の30%以上を自給できるようにする。この目標を達成できれば「原発に依存しないエネルギー社会」になる。

 再生可能エネルギーのうち最も有望なのは太陽光発電だ。琵琶湖の周辺に広がる平野部は日射量が多く、太陽光発電に適している。県内で最大の「滋賀・矢橋帰帆島(やばせきはんとう)メガソーラー発電所」が琵琶湖の湖畔で2015年11月に稼働した。(図2)。
[…]

もっと読む。

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Britain’s Nuclear Cover-Up via The New York Times

[…]

It estimates that the facility will produce about 7 percent of the nation’s total electricity from 2025, the year it is expected to be completed. The EPR’s designer, Areva, claims that the reactor is reliable, efficient and so safe that it could withstand a collision with an airliner.

But the project is staggeringly expensive: It will cost more than $22 billion to build and bring online. And it isn’t clear that the EPR technology is viable.

No working version of the reactor exists. The two EPR projects that are furthest along — one in Finland, the other in France — are many years behind schedule, have hemorrhaged billions of dollars and are beset by major safety issues.

The first casting of certain components for the Hinkley Point C reactors left serious metallurgical flaws in the pressure vessel that holds the reactor core. In 2014, the Cambridge University nuclear engineer Tony Roulstone declared the EPR design “unconstructable.”

[…]

The British government must be more transparent about its military spending, if only so that those expenditures can be measured against the needs of other public programs. According to the Science Policy Research Unit study, the government itself estimated in 2015 that renewing the Trident deterrent force will cost nearly $38.5 billion. In comparison, the deficit of the National Health Services for the fiscal year 2015-6, a record, was about $3 billion.

Hiding the true costs of a project like Trident by promoting a questionable and ruinous project like Hinkley Point C distorts the economics of both the defense and the civilian energy sectors. It also skews energy policy itself.

If Britain’s energy policy were solely about energy, rather than also about defense, the nuclear sector would be forced to stand on its own two feet. And the government would have to acknowledge the growing benefits of renewable energy and make hard-nosed comparisons about cost, implementation, environmental benefits and safety.

Britain’s defense policy should not be allowed to undermine the country’s energy policy: That, too, is about national security.

Read more at Britain’s Nuclear Cover-Up

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Report: Los Alamos to end radioactive on-site waste disposal via Albuquerque Journal

LOS ALAMOS — Amid concerns from regulators over hazardous waste and contamination, a new report says the Los Alamos National Laboratory will stop disposing low-level radioactive waste at its largest waste disposal area by October 2017.

A recently released annual environmental report said the lab will end on-site radioactive waste disposal at the storage compound known as “Area G.” The Los Alamos Monitor reports that Area G is the lab’s largest disposal area.

“The strategy for both low-level radiological waste and mixed low-level waste is to minimize its generation and to dispose of all newly generated waste off-site. No new, on-site disposal capacity will be developed,” the report said.

[…]

The project began in early June 2016 and focused on completing sampling and cleanup of contaminated soil associated with former outfalls and surface disposal sites from the Manhattan Project, the 1940s project that developed the first atomic bomb.

About 133 cubic yards of soil was excavated, bagged, screened, and transferred to a waste staging area, according to a news release. The resulting waste was then transported off-site for final disposition at a disposal facility in Utah.

Read more at Report: Los Alamos to end radioactive on-site waste disposal

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原発廃炉費用の「利用者負担」 賛否がぱっかり割れた大手紙社説 via JCast News

原発の廃炉費用負担の議論が経済産業省を舞台に始まった。「廃炉費用」には2つある。古くなった原発と、大事故を起こした東京電力福島第1原発だ。電気料金への上乗せという形であれ、国の支援であれ、最終的に国民負担になるだけに、どう理屈づけし、国民の理解を得るか、大きな問題だ。

経産省はこの間、有識者の会議を相次いでスタートさせた。2016年9月27日に初会合を開いた「電力システム改革貫徹のための政策小委員会」は、電力自由化の課題などを議論する場だが、経産省はここに、「託送料」(大手電力の送電網の使用料として新電力などが支払う)に廃炉費用を上乗せする案を提示した。新電力が上乗せ分を電気料金に転嫁すれば、負担は利用者に回る。

「古い原発」と「福島第1原発」と

もうひとつは10月5日に初会合を開いた「東京電力改革・1F問題委員会(東電委員会)」で、東電福島第1の処理費用負担を協議する有識者会議だ。

「2つの廃炉」のうち、まず普通の原発の廃炉について。その費用は火力より1桁多く、大型炉1基で560億~830億円という。原発事業者は、あらかじめ電気料金をもとに廃炉費用を積み立てる仕組みだ。ただ、既存の全原発を廃炉にする費用約3兆円を賄うには、積立金が現状で1.2兆円不足している。電力自由化が進めば、新電力に利用者が流出し、料金値下げ圧力がかかるほか、「3.11」を契機とした運転停止の長期化、想定より早く廃炉に追い込まれるなどで積み立て不足が加速するリスクが高まっている。このため、経産省は発送電分離にかこつけ、送電に上乗せする形で新電力も負担する仕組みを計画したわけだ。

一方、福島第1は、廃炉費用が通常の原発よりさらに桁が上がり、全体で想定の2兆円をさらに大幅に上回るのは確実。このほか、損害賠償が当初見通しの5.4兆円から8兆円、除染費用も2.5兆円から7兆円に拡大する見込み(電気事業連合会試算)で、東電の経営が揺らいでいる。このため、東電ホールディングス(HD)は国に支援を要請してきた。

(略)

原発推進・維持の「読売」(10月7日)は「新電力に移行した人もそれまでは原発を含む供給体制の下で電力を使ってきた。今後も原発を柱の一つとする電力安定供給の基盤を維持する費用は、広く分かち合うべきだろう」と、政府の方針を全面的に擁護。「産経」(3日)も「新電力に切り替えた消費者も、自由化前には原発で発電した安い電気を使ってきた……その受益を考えれば、原発の廃炉費用を新電力を含めて広く分担するのは当然」と政府方針支持を明確に打ち出している。

原発維持という点で2紙と同じ「日経」(3日)は、もう少し慎重な言い回しで、「本来、自由化の制度設計の段階で対処しておくべきだった」と後手に回る政府の対応に苦言を呈するが、「すべての消費者で分担する仕組みを考えるべきではないか」と、政府方針に異を唱えはしない。

これに対し、「毎日」(4日)は「消費者はこれまでも電気料金に上乗せされる形で(廃炉費用を)負担してきた。二重取りは理屈に合わない」と政府方針を明快に否定。「朝日」(9月29日)は「ガスや水道など……引っ越しで新たな会社と契約した。そこへ以前の契約先から設備の後始末に伴う請求書が届いた。支払いに応じる人がいるだろうか」と、比喩で批判。

両紙は電力自由化の理念である消費者の選択にも論点を広げ、「新規参入を促し、大手もまじえた競い合いを活発にする。『料金が安い』『環境にやさしい』といった多様な理由から契約先を選べるようにする。それが自由化の目的だ。新電力にも廃炉のつけを回せば、競争と選択の土俵をゆがめる」(「朝日」)、「廃炉費のつけ回しが、大手電力の原発への優遇策となり、新電力の多くが手がける再生エネルギー導入への逆風となる。そんな事態は許されない」(「毎日」)と、疑問を投げかける。

(略)

東電支援については、「毎日」が「東電管内で参入した新電力に負担を求める案が浮上しているが、事故に伴って増加したコストの転嫁は、理屈がつかない。一段と慎重な議論が必要だ」と指摘。「朝日」は「まずは廃炉費がどこまで膨らむかを厳しく見通すことが先決だろう」とくぎを刺す。

「日経」は「東電HDだけでできないとすれば、国全体の問題として手当てを万全にしなければならない」、「読売」は「東電自身が、徹底した経営改革で費用を捻出するのが原則だが、廃炉を円滑に進めることは、被災地・福島の復興にもつながる。単独の負担が無理なら、何らかの公的支援を含め、国がもっと前面に出るべきだ」と国の役割を指摘。他方、「産経」は「こちらは新電力に安易に負担を求めることはできまい。徹底した経営努力により、東電がぎりぎりどこまで負担できるかを見極めることが先決である」と、東電の自助努力に力点を置いている。

そもそも、政府や電力業界は「原発のコストは安い」と説明し続けてきた。そこには廃炉費用も含まれるはずだった。今、廃炉、福島の後始末の負担で、原発を持つ大手電力、事故を起こした東電だけでは賄えないことがはっきりした。これについて、政府、電力業界から明快な説明がない中で、利用者(国民)負担の議論が進むのか。

全文は原発廃炉費用の「利用者負担」 賛否がぱっかり割れた大手紙社説

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収穫の秋、福島・浪江でも稲刈り 厳しさ続く農業再生 via 360 Network News

 東日本大震災の発生から5年7カ月。津波被害に加え、東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の事故で町内全域の避難が続く福島県浪江町でも実りの秋を迎えた。県内外から学生ボランティアを迎えての稲刈りは、つかの間のにぎわいをもたらし、住民を収穫の喜びで包んだ。そんな明るい話題の一方で、原発事故被災地の農業再生を巡る現状は依然として厳しい。【文・平間真太郎、写真・佐瀬雅行=福島県浪江町

3連休最終日の10日、浪江町酒田地区で震災後3回目の稲刈りが行われた。県内外5大学の学生ボランティア約50人が鎌を手に、黄金色の稲穂を刈り取り、丁寧に束ねてゆく。

(略)

浪江町がことし実施した酒田地区でのコメの実証栽培は4カ所(計2・1ヘクタール)。作付けしたのはコシヒカリだ。町によると、昨年は1・3ヘクタールで実施し、収穫したコメ200袋(1袋30キログラム)はすべて食品衛生法で定める基準値(1キログラムあたり100ベクレル)を下回った。このうち、測定下限値(1キログラムあたり25ベクレル)未満の198袋を一般販売し、完売したという。ことしも全袋検査をした上で販売する予定だ。

全文は収穫の秋、福島・浪江でも稲刈り 厳しさ続く農業再生

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Innocent food items in your home are “glowing” with radiation – including your avocados and bananas via Mirror

We interact with – and eat – radioactive materials. But how much radiation are we taking in?

Bananas may be an excellent source of potassium and vitamin B6, and avocados may provide good levels of pantothenic acid and dietary fibre, but that’s not all these items bring to the party.

[…]

There are plenty of innocent objects (such as bananas and avocados) which give off radiation.

In fact, North Carolina State University scientists used handheld Geiger counters and found we ‘interact’ with radioactive materials every day.

The scientists involved say the radiation detected is no cause for concern.

[…]

While there is indeed radiation emitted from avocados and bananas, the former give off 0.16 μGy/hr of gamma radiation and the latter 0.17 μGy/hr.

[…]

This puts them on a par with bricks (0.15 μGy/hr) and smoke detectors with their americium components (0.16 μGy/hr).

To put this into context, natural uranium ore measured 1.57 μGy/hr. Which would be bad news for us.

Prof Hayes added, “If you’re surprised that your fruit is emitting gamma radiation, don’t panic.

“The regulatory level for workers – which is safe – is exposure to 50,000 μGy per year.

Read more at Innocent food items in your home are “glowing” with radiation – including your avocados and bananas 

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