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A nuclear power plant in Byron, Illinois. Taken by photographer Joseph Pobereskin (http://pobereskin.com). カレンダー
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Latest Posts / 最新記事
- 被ばく研究の灯は消さない 国や自治体が「風化待ち」の中、独協医科大分室が移転してまで続ける活動の意義via東京新聞 2024/10/05
- Chernobyl-area land deemed safe for new agriculture via Nuclear Newswire 2024/09/26
- 長崎「体験者」の医療拡充 なぜ被爆者と認めないのか【社説】via 中国新聞 2024/09/23
- Three Mile Island nuclear plant will reopen to power Microsoft data centers via NPR 2024/09/20
- Tritium into the air? via Beyond Nuclear International 2024/09/18
Discussion / 最新の議論
- Leonsz on Combating corrosion in the world’s aging nuclear reactors via c&en
- Mark Ultra on Special Report: Help wanted in Fukushima: Low pay, high risks and gangsters via Reuters
- Grom Montenegro on Duke Energy’s shell game via Beyond Nuclear International
- Jim Rice on Trinity: “The most significant hazard of the entire Manhattan Project” via Bulletin of Atomic Scientists
- Barbarra BBonney on COVID-19 spreading among workers on Fukushima plant, related projects via The Mainichi
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Revisiting the “inalienable right” via Beyond Nuclear International
Austria cautions against nuclear power in the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
The following is a statement delivered by George-Wilhelm Gallhofer, diplomat at the Austrian Mission to the United Nations, on behalf of the Government of Austria, on 8 August 2023, during the First Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2025 Review Conference of the Non-Proliferation Treaty in Vienna, Austria.
Austria fully respects the inalienable right of all Parties to the NPT to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. At the same time, Austria calls on all States to limit “the further development of the applications of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes” to those applications not raising concerns for possible military applications. This is specifically laid out in Art. IV of the NPT, which simultaneously requires conformity with Article I and II.
In this regard, we see the use of nuclear power differing significantly from any other application of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Any expansion of nuclear power necessarily increases the risk of proliferation while applications in health, agriculture, imaging and physical measurement do usually not raise this risk.
For this reason, full scope safeguards and ideally an Additional Protocol must accompany each nuclear program.
Let me also caution against advertising nuclear power as an appropriate source of electricity to combat negative climate effects and answer to the climate crises. The comparatively low CO2 emissions of nuclear power do not compensate for disadvantages inevitably connected to nuclear power. Let me give you three examples:
1) The safe and permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel is still unresolved. To date, not a single repository for such waste is in operation worldwide. Even if such repositories were to become operational in the foreseeable future, today’s knowledge cannot guarantee the safe enclosure required for hundred thousands of years.
2) We cannot completely exclude severe accidents from nuclear power plants involving large and early releases of radionuclides with significant adverse consequences, including contamination even on the territory of other countries.
3) There is only a limited supply of uranium and thorium available and a nuclear “fuel cycle” does not exist so far. If there would be such a cycle, it would trigger more challenges regarding safety, security and safeguards.
This list is by far not exhaustive but underlines my previous point: Austria does not consider nuclear power to be compatible with the concept of sustainable development. In our view, reliance on nuclear power is neither a viable nor a cost-efficient option to combat climate change. Both the polluter-pays principle and the precautionary principle are grossly violated in nuclear power use.
Let me reiterate that Austria regards technical cooperation as an integral part of its activities. While we retain reservations about nuclear energy generation, we fully support the activities in the wider area of non-power applications of peaceful nuclear science and technology.
In this regard, we would like to highlight our continued support for the ongoing modernization of the IAEA nuclear applications laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria, under ReNuAL2. We are glad to see the work on this program continuously progressing.
Austria further welcome approaches to establish comprehensive and ambitious international nuclear safety standards and guidance that prioritize nuclear safety. In addition, we urge States to maintain nuclear safety of existing nuclear power plants, for example by adequately addressing physical aging. When deciding to engage in nuclear power production, nuclear safety needs to be the one of the main concerns at all times and continuous investments in its improvement have to be guaranteed.
In this regard, we are particularly grateful for the IAEA’s tireless efforts which culminated in DG Grossi’s presentation to the UN Security Council on establishing five concrete principles on nuclear safety and security at Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant based on the Seven Indispensable Pillars. In order to prevent a nuclear accident, Austria underlines the indispensable importance of due priority to nuclear safety and strongly supports these principles and their implementation.
Reports of military equipment and explosives being placed within the plant perimeter at ZNPP and direct shelling are extremely worrying. Nuclear power plants are not designed to withstand armed conflicts. Violating the “five principles” is inconsistent with the IAEA safety standards and nuclear security guidance and create additional psychological pressure on plant staff.
Let me be clear, the attack on nuclear power plants or other nuclear facilities can have complex humanitarian consequences, rendering these acts illegitimate under international humanitarian law. We urge Russia to withdraw its military equipment and all personnel from the ZNPP, and return its full control to its rightful owner, Ukraine and to refrain from any further acts incompatible with international humanitarian law.
Therefore, Austria stands ready to continue its support for the Agency’s work in and on Ukraine. Nuclear safety and security issues are traditionally important to Austria and the extremely dangerous situation in Ukraine requires our particular attention.
To this end, Austria has contributed one million euros for the IAEA mission for safety and security in Ukraine in order to effectively implement their mandate and help to enhance the safety and security situation on site.
To conclude, let me re-emphasize that Austria respects the sovereign and free choice of all States regarding their energy production. However, whenever our Austrian environment and people are potentially affected in a harmful manner, we will continue to raise our concerns.
‘It’s a great day’: St. Louis activists encouraged by Biden’s support for radioactive waste victims via KSDK.com
Dawn Chapman and Karen Nickel, who lead the activist group Just Moms STL, said they’re optimistic but not letting up.
Author: Jim Salter (Associated Press)
Published: 11:58 AM CDT August 11, 2023
Updated: 11:58 AM CDT August 11, 2023
ST. LOUIS — St. Louis-area activists have been fighting for years to get government compensation for people with cancer and other serious illnesses potentially connected to Manhattan Project nuclear contamination. This week marked a major victory, with support coming from the president.
Uranium was processed in St. Louis starting at the onset of World War II as America raced to develop nuclear bombs. In July, reporting as part of an ongoing collaboration between The Missouri Independent, the nonprofit newsroom MuckRock and The Associated Press cited thousands of pages of documents indicating decades of nonchalance and indifference for the risks posed by uranium contamination. The government documents were obtained by outside researchers through the Freedom of Information Act and shared with the news organizations.
Since the news reports, bipartisan support has emerged to compensate those in St. Louis and elsewhere whose illnesses may be tied to nuclear fallout and contamination. On Wednesday, that support extended to President Joe Biden.
“I’m prepared to help in terms of making sure that those folks are taken care of,” Biden said during a visit to New Mexico.
[…]
St. Louis is far from alone in suffering the effects of the geographically scattered national nuclear program. Advocates have been trying for years to bring awareness to the lingering effects of radiation exposure on the Navajo Nation, where millions of tons of uranium ore were extracted over decades to support U.S. nuclear activities.
Months after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, Mallinckrodt Chemical Co. in St. Louis began processing uranium into a concentrated form that could be further refined elsewhere into the material that made it into weapons.
By the late-1940s, the government was trucking nuclear waste from the Mallinckrodt plant to a site near Lambert Airport. It was there that the waste was dumped into Coldwater Creek, contaminating a waterway that was a popular place for kids to play. Just last year, Jana Elementary School, which sits near the creek, was shut down over possible contamination, even though studies conducted by the Army Corps of Engineers found none.
In 1966, the Atomic Energy Commission demolished and buried buildings near the airport and moved the waste to another site, contaminating it, too. Documents cited by AP and the other news organizations showed that storage was haphazard and waste was spilled on roads but that mistakes were often ignored.
Uranium waste also was illegally dumped in West Lake Landfill, near the airport, in 1973. It’s still there.
[…]
Still, in 2019, the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry issued a report that found people who regularly played in Coldwater Creek as children from the 1960s to the 1990s may have a slight increased risk of bone cancer, lung cancer and leukemia. The agency determined that those exposed daily to the creek starting in the 2000s, when cleanup began, could have a small increased risk of lung cancer.
Many of those with direct connections to illnesses are far more convinced. Kyle Hedgpeth’s young daughter and niece both were diagnosed with cancer in 2020, within a month of each other. Both have since recovered.
Hedgpeth’s wife and her brother grew up near a creek that flows from the St. Charles County site. He believes they picked up something from exposure to the creek and passed it down to their girls.
Read more at ‘It’s a great day’: St. Louis activists encouraged by Biden’s support for radioactive waste victims via KSDK.com
The human cost of France’s nuclear tests in the Pacific via Aljazeera
101 East investigates the effects of France’s nuclear tests in French Polynesia.
For 30 years, France undertook nuclear testing in its Pacific territory, French Polynesia.
In recent years, investigations have revealed the effects of the tests were far greater than France has officially acknowledged.
A total of 193 nuclear tests were undertaken, including 41 atmospheric tests that exposed the local population and site workers to high levels of radiation.
Today, children across the Pacific islands are still dealing with the nuclear fallout.
Cancer and other developmental diseases plague new generations born after the last test in 1996.
Read more at The human cost of France’s nuclear tests in the Pacific via Aljazeera
Posted in *English
Tagged France, French Polynasian, nuclear tests, Radiation exposure
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3 lakes near Weldon Spring have elevated levels of uranium, records say. Health department lacks current data on fish. via St Louis Post-Dispatch
Jack Suntrup Jul 22, 2023
[…]
Lisa Cox, spokeswoman for DHSS, said the department formulates its fish consumption advisories — which warn anglers to limit or avoid consumption of fish due to contaminants detected — based on review of data provided by other agencies.
But Cox said the health department doesn’t have current data on the Weldon Spring site or nearby Lakes 34, 35 and 36 in the August A. Busch Memorial Conservation Area, which is adjacent to the Weldon Spring site.
The three lakes and the presence of uranium were mentioned in state and federal government records that were the subject of a recent report by The Missouri Independent on apparent disagreements between regulators about the pace of cleanup at Weldon Spring.
[…]
Cox said the DHSS has asked the Department of Energy, which controls the Weldon Spring site, for current fish tissue data in comments on previous five-year Weldon Spring site reviews at least as far back as 2016.
“DOE has previously told us that they assessed fish contamination risk already, but we have asked for them to update that assessment to account for any changes that have occurred,” Cox said in an email.
She said a July 1995 report “may be the assessment DOE has previously referenced.”
That report says the human health risk associated with eating fish from the three lakes with elevated levels of uranium “is below the EPA’s target range for unacceptable human risk levels.”
[…]
A U.S. Department of Energy spokesman in an email Friday said because monitoring results for surface water at Lakes 34, 35 and 36 have remained below the maximum contaminant level for uranium since the late 1990s, no further testing of fish has been conducted.
State Rep. Tricia Byrnes, R-Wentzville, said she is concerned that federal agencies are “not providing answers to the questions of our state agencies.
[…]
The Weldon Spring site has been a focus of area nuclear waste activists in the wake of recent reporting on St. Louis’ role in the development of nuclear weapons and the legacy of contamination left behind.
Mallinckrodt moved its uranium processing operations from its St. Louis plant to Weldon Spring, at the former site of a World War II-era TNT and DNT plant, in 1957. By the time it stopped uranium processing there in 1966, the site was heavily contaminated. Surface remediation concluded with completion of a 41-acre, onsite disposal cell in 2001 visible from Highway 94 just west of Francis Howell High School.
[…]
Uranium levels at the August A. Busch Memorial Conservation Area are referenced in a 2021 Department of Natural Resources review of a draft five-year report being prepared by the Department of Energy.
“The uranium levels at Busch Lake 34 continue to be higher than the other locations…,” the DNR document says, quoting from the Department of Energy draft.
“Please include a discussion on why the uranium levels are higher in Busch Lake 34 than other locations,” the DNR wrote to the Department of Energy.
In response, the Department of Energy told the DNR that the passage would be revised to: “Busch Lake 34, the relatively highest uranium concentration pond, is immediately downgradient of Burgermeister Spring where much of the groundwater from the Chemical Plant flows.
[…]
Posted in *English
Tagged radiation contamination, St. Louis, Uranium, Weldon Spring
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Fukushima fish with 180 times legal limit of radioactive cesium fuels water release fears via The Guardian
A fish living near drainage outlets at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in May contained levels of radioactive cesium that are 180 times Japan’s safety limit.
The black rockfish caught on 18 May was found by plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) to have 18,000 becquerels per kilogram of cesium-137, compared with the legal maximum level of 100 becquerels per kg.
Japan’s plan to release 1.3m tonnes of treated water from the Fukushima plant has sparked concern in the region, despite approval from the UN’s International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Hong Kong has threatened to ban food imports from 10 Japanese prefectures if the water release goes ahead as planned.
[…]
Rainwater from the areas around reactors one, two and three, which melted down during the March 2011 disaster, flows into the inner breakwater where the rockfish was caught in May. Cesium concentration in the sediment from the seabed in the inner breakwater measures more than 100,000 becquerels per kg, according to Tepco.
“Since contaminated water flowed into the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station port immediately after the accident, Tepco has periodically removed fish from inside the port since 2012 using fishnets that have been installed to prevent the fish from escaping the port,” a Tepco official told the Guardian.
A total of 44 fish with cesium levels above 100 becquerels per kg have been found in the Fukushima plant port between May 2022 and May 2023, Tepco confirmed, with 90% of those caught in or near the inner breakwater. Other specimens identified as having particularly high radioactivity were an eel with 1,700 becquerels per kg, caught in June 2022, and rock trout, with 1,200 becquerels in April 2023.
Regular monitoring of fish from the inner breakwater had been suspended after nets were installed in January 2016 to keep potentially contaminated fish inside the area.
“However, when a black rockfish with radioactive concentrations that exceed regulatory standards was caught off the coast of Soma [about 50km north of the plant] in January 2022, we began sampling again within this area in conjunction with the installation of more nets to prevent fish from leaving the port,” added the Tepco official.
Shipments of black rockfish caught off Fukushima prefecture were suspended in February 2022 after the radiation was detected and have yet to resume. The high radioactivity levels found in the tested specimen led authorities to believe it had escaped from the nuclear plant’s port. All species of seafood from the areas around the plant are regularly monitored for radioactivity.
[…]
Read more.
Trinity Nuclear Test’s Fallout Reached 46 States, Canada and Mexico, Study Finds via New York Times
By Lesley M. M. Blume
- Published July 20, 2023Updated July 21, 2023, 9:05 a.m. ET
In July 1945, as J. Robert Oppenheimer and the other researchers of the Manhattan Project prepared to test their brand-new atomic bomb in a New Mexico desert, they knew relatively little about how that mega-weapon would behave.
On July 16, when the plutonium-implosion device was set off atop a hundred-foot metal tower in a test code-named “Trinity,” the resultant blast was much stronger than anticipated. The irradiated mushroom cloud also went many times higher into the atmosphere than expected: some 50,000 to 70,000 feet. Where it would ultimately go was anyone’s guess.
A new study, released on Thursday ahead of submission to a scientific journal for peer review, shows that the cloud and its fallout went farther than anyone in the Manhattan Project had imagined in 1945. Using state-of-the-art modeling software and recently uncovered historical weather data, the study’s authors say that radioactive fallout from the Trinity test reached 46 states, Canada and Mexico within 10 days of detonation.
“It’s a huge finding and, at the same time, it shouldn’t surprise anyone,” said the study’s lead author, Sébastien Philippe, a researcher and scientist at Princeton University’s Program on Science and Global Security.
The study also reanalyzed fallout from all 93 aboveground U.S. atomic tests in Nevada and created a map depicting composite deposition of radioactive material across the contiguous U.S. (The team also hopes to study U.S. tests over the Pacific Ocean in the future).
How much of Trinity’s fallout still remain at original deposition sites across the country is difficult to calculate, said Susan Alzner, an author of the study and the co-founder of shift7, an organization that coordinated the study’s research. The study documents deposition as it originally hit the ground in 1945.
“It’s a frozen-in-time image,” she said.
The findings could be cited by advocates aiming to increase the number of people eligible for compensation by the federal government for potential exposure to radiation from atmospheric nuclear explosions.
The drift of the Trinity cloud was monitored by Manhattan Project physicists and doctors, but they underestimated its reach.
[…]
At the time, Dr. Stafford L. Warren, a Manhattan Project physician specializing in nuclear medicine, reported to Lt. Gen. Leslie Groves, leader of the Manhattan Project, that the Trinity cloud “remained towering over the northeast corner of the site for several hours.” Soon, he added, “various levels were seen to move in different directions.” Dr. Warren assured General Groves that an assessment of the fallout’s reach could be undertaken later on horseback.
In the decades that followed, a lack of crucial data has bedeviled assessments and attempted studies of the Trinity test’s fallout. The U.S. had no national monitoring stations in place in 1945 to track the fallout, Dr. Philippe said. Plus, essential historical weather and atmospheric data was available only from 1948 onward. Remodeling fallout from tests in Nevada — starting in 1951 — was easier, but Trinity remained frustratingly difficult to reanalyze.
“The data sets for the Nevada tests and the available data that we could possibly find for Trinity were not comparable,” Ms. Alzner said. “You couldn’t put them on the same map. We decided to keep pushing.”
Determined to fill in the gaps, the team started the study about 18 months ago. Dr. Philippe has extensive background in modeling fallout and was an author of a similar project in 2021 that documented the effects from French nuclear tests.
A breakthrough came in March, when Ms. Alzner and Megan Smith, another co-founder of shift7 and a former United States chief technology officer in the Obama administration, contacted the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. There, Gilbert P. Compo, a senior research scientist at the University of Colorado and the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, told the team that the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts had only a week earlier released historical data that charted weather patterns extending 30,000 feet or higher above Earth’s surface.
“For the first time, we had the most accurate hourly reconstruction of the weather back to 1940, around the world,” said Dr. Compo, who became a co-author on the study. “Every single event that puts something in the air, no matter what it is, can now be tracked, by the hour.”
Using the new data and software built by NOAA, Dr. Philippe then reanalyzed Trinity’s fallout. And while the study’s authors acknowledge limitations and uncertainties within their calculations, they maintain that “our estimates likely remain conservatively low.”
[…]
Trinity test “downwinders” — a term describing people who have lived near nuclear test sites and may have been exposed to deadly radioactive fallout — have never been eligible for compensation under the 1990 Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA). It has provided over $2.5 billion in payments to nuclear workers in much of the Western U.S. and to downwinders who were located near the Nevada test site and may have developed cancer or other diseases as a result of radiation exposure.
[…]
Census data from 1940 shows that as many as 500,000 people were living within a 150-mile radius of the test site. Some families lived as close as 12 miles away, according to the Tularosa Basin Downwinders Consortium. Yet no civilians were warned about the test ahead of time, and they weren’t evacuated before or after the test.
“This new information about the Trinity bomb is monumental and a long time coming,” Tina Cordova, a co-founder of the consortium, said. “We’ve been waiting for an affirmation of the histories told by generations of people from Tularosa who witnessed the Trinity bomb and talked about how the ash fell from the sky for days afterward.”
[…]
Although Dr. Wellerstein said that he approaches such reanalyses of historical fallout with a certain amount of uncertainty, partly because of the age of the data, he said there is value in such studies by keeping nuclear history and its legacy in the public discourse.
“The extent to which America nuked itself is not completely appreciated still, to this day, by most Americans, especially younger Americans,” he said.
Read more.
“Nuclear Power Is Already a Climate Casualty” via Hot Globe by Steve Chapple
Read more.
Call by scientists against a new nuclear program/
Appel de scientifiques contre un nouveau programme nucléaire
JUIN 2023
JUNE 2023
On February 11, 1975, in the columns of the daily newspaper Le Monde, 400 scientists urged the French population to refuse the installation of nuclear power stations, “until there is a clear awareness of the risks and consequences”. Recalling the potentially appalling nature of a nuclear accident, they noted that “the problem of waste is treated lightly”, and that “systematically, our leaders minimize risks, hide the possible consequences, and try to reassure us”.
The relevance of this call, which could be repeated almost word for word today, has been largely confirmed in recent decades:
- Presented at the time as impossible, several serious or major accidents have occurred, leading to massive releases of radioactive materials. They affected reactor cores (Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, Fukushima) as well as radioactive waste repositories or fuel plants (Mayak, Tokaimura, WIPP, Asse).
- Vast geographical areas have thus been rendered toxic to all living beings. Radiation and radioactive contamination continue to claim many victims, including around installations in “normal” operation.
- According to official statistics, the nuclear industry in France has produced more than 2 million tons of radioactive waste, including 200,000 tons of waste that remains dangerous over long periods. Furthermore, this account excludes both the tailings waste abandoned abroad, as well as the “materials” intended for hypothetical reuse (spent fuel, depleted uranium, reprocessed uranium …).
- The dismantling of reactors and clean up of polluted sites, that has barely begun, promises to be excessively long and costly, thus further aggravating the waste toll.
It is clear that after half a century of industrial development, we still have not mastered the dangers of the atom, and have only postponed problems that were foreseen a long time ago.
However, with neither a real democratic debate, nor a serious assessment of past choices and the options available today, our leaders are preparing to relaunch a program of construction of new nuclear power stations. Under the pretext of the climate emergency, but on the basis of truncated, simplistic, even grossly erroneous arguments, lobbyists with significant media influence are working to organize amnesia of nuclear disasters and revise history.
Remember that, to store only a fraction of the most dangerous waste produced to date in France, we are preparing to dig 300 km of tunnels under a site of 29 km2, for a cost provisionally estimated at between 25 and 35 billion euros, and this without certainty as to the durability of this repository at the required geological scales, of the order of at least 100,000 years.
Remember that the consequences of major accidents such as Chernobyl and Fukushima cannot be reduced to a small number of “official” deaths. The fact that a serious health and economic assessment of the Chernobyl drama has still not been established should challenge any scientific mind. A wide range of morbidities affect the inhabitants of the contaminated territories. Degraded living conditions, impoverishment and stigmatization will be their lot for centuries.
Two major recent news items should alert us more than ever: accelerating climate change, and the war in Ukraine. The scarcity of fresh water and the reduction in the flow of rivers (essential for cooling reactors) linked to a soon-to-be chronic drought in France, the risks of flooding of coastal areas due to the rise in sea levels, as well as the increasing frequency of extreme climate events, will all make the operation of nuclear facilities very problematic. Betting on new reactors, the first of which would at best be commissioned in 2037, will in no way enable us to drastically reduce our greenhouse gas emissions today, as the climate emergency demands. Moreover, beyond the horrors of war, the vulnerability of the Zaporizhia power plant threatens the whole of Europe. In such a context of geopolitical instability, how are we going to guarantee the eternal peace needed by nuclear power?
In the immediate future, the industrial and financial efforts that this new program would require, would for a long time monopolize the financial and human resources necessary to face the combined challenges of the climate crisis, the collapse of biodiversity, generalized pollution and resource depletion. In fact, the nuclear power system is inseparable from an economic model based on productivism, consumerism and waste, which must be reviewed as a matter of priority.
Today, any criticism of nuclear technology – subject to both industrial and military secrecy – has become extremely difficult within French schools, laboratories and research institutes, all of which are linked to the nuclear establishment. Furthermore, the engineering sciences do not have a monopoly on knowledge or the legitimacy to decide our future. The earth and life sciences, health sciences, social and economic sciences, the humanities, as well as arts and letters, produce surveys, analyses and counter-narratives without which we would know nothing today of the true consequences of atomic energy on societies, living environments and populations, both human and nonhuman.
This is why we, women and men, scientists, doctors, teachers, engineers, academics and researchers launch this call to refuse any new nuclear program. We oppose the decision that has been imposed on us, and that would commit our future for the very long term. We insist on the need to develop, in a democratic and decentralized process, based on local needs, new breakthrough proposals for energy policy based on sobriety, the energy transition, and ecological justice.
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Le 11 Février 1975 dans les colonnes du Monde, 400 scientifiques invitaient la population française à refuser l’installation des centrales nucléaires « tant qu’elle n’aura pas une claire conscience des risques et des conséquences ». Rappelant le caractère potentiellement effroyable d’un accident nucléaire, ils constataient que « le problème des déchets est traité avec légèreté », et que : « systématiquement, on minimise les risques, on cache les conséquences possibles, on rassure ».
La pertinence de cet appel, qui pourrait être repris quasiment mot pour mot aujourd’hui, a été largement confirmée dans les dernières décennies :
- Présentés à l’époque comme impossibles, les accidents graves ou majeurs se sont multipliés, entraînant des rejets massifs de matières radioactives. Ils ont touché aussi bien des cœurs de réacteurs (Three Mile Island, Tchernobyl, Fukushima) que des dépôts de déchets radioactifs ou des usines de combustible (Mayak, Tokaimura, WIPP, Asse).
- De vastes zones géographiques ont été ainsi rendues toxiques pour tous les êtres vivants et les irradiations et les contaminations radioactives continuent de faire de nombreuses victimes, y compris autour des installations en fonctionnement « normal ».
- L’industrie du nucléaire a officiellement accumulé en France plus de 2 millions de tonnes de déchets radioactifs, dont 200 000 tonnes dangereuses sur de longues périodes, un volume très sous estimé qui ne comptabilise ni les stériles et déchets miniers abandonnés à l’étranger, ni les « matières » destinées à un hypothétique réemploi (combustibles usés, uranium appauvri, uranium de retraitement…).
- Le démantèlement et la dépollution des sites déjà contaminés sont à peine engagés, s’annoncent excessivement longs et coûteux, et vont encore aggraver le bilan des déchets.
Force est de constater qu’après un demi-siècle de développement industriel, nous ne maîtrisons toujours pas les dangers de l’atome, et n’avons fait que repousser des problèmes annoncés de longue date.
Pourtant, hors de tout débat démocratique, et sans avoir procédé à un réel bilan des choix passés et des options qui s’offrent aujourd’hui, nos gouvernants s’apprêtent à relancer un nouveau programme électronucléaire. Sous prétexte d’urgence climatique, et sur la base d’arguments tronqués, simplistes, voire lourdement erronés, des lobbyistes disposant d’importants relais médiatiques s’emploient à organiser l’amnésie.
Rappelons que, pour stocker une fraction seulement des déchets les plus dangereux produits à ce jour en France, déchets qui selon certains « tiendraient dans une piscine olympique », on s’apprête à creuser 300 km de galeries sous un site de 29 km2, pour un coût provisoirement estimé entre 25 et 35 milliards d’euros, et ce, sans certitude sur la durabilité de ce stockage aux échelles géologiques requises, de l’ordre d’au moins 100 000 ans.
Rappelons que les conséquences d’accidents majeurs tels que Tchernobyl et Fukushima ne peuvent se réduire à un petit nombre de morts « officiels ». Le fait qu’un bilan sanitaire et économique sérieux du drame de Tchernobyl ne soit toujours pas établi devrait interpeller tout esprit scientifique. Un large éventail de morbidités affecte les habitants des territoires contaminés : conditions de vie dégradées, paupérisation et stigmatisation seront leur lot pour des siècles.
Deux faits majeurs de notre actualité devraient plus que jamais nous alerter : le dérèglement climatique qui s’accélère, et la guerre en Ukraine. La raréfaction de l’eau douce et la réduction du débit des fleuves liés à une sécheresse bientôt chronique en France, tout autant que les risques de submersion des zones côtières dûs à l’élévation du niveau des océans et à la multiplication d’évènements climatiques extrêmes vont rendre très problématique l’exploitation des installations nucléaires. Miser sur de nouveaux réacteurs dont le premier serait au mieux mis en service en 2037 ne permettra en rien de réduire dès aujourd’hui et drastiquement nos émissions de gaz à effet de serre, comme l’urgence climatique l’exige. Par ailleurs, au-delà des horreurs de la guerre, la vulnérabilité de la centrale de Zaporijia menace l’Europe entière. Dans un tel contexte d’instabilité géopolitique, comment allons nous garantir la paix éternelle requise par le nucléaire ?
Dans l’immédiat, l’effort industriel et financier que représenterait ce nouveau programme détournerait pour longtemps les moyens nécessaires pour affronter les défis conjugués de la crise climatique, de l’effondrement du vivant, des pollutions généralisées et de l’épuisement des ressources. Le système électronucléaire est au contraire indissociable d’un modèle économique basé sur le productivisme et le gaspillage, qui doit prioritairement être revu.
Aujourd’hui, toute critique de la technologie nucléaire, soumise au double secret industriel et militaire, est devenue extrêmement difficile au sein des écoles, laboratoires et instituts qui lui sont liés. Mais les sciences de l’ingénieur n’ont le monopole ni du savoir ni de la légitimité pour décider de notre avenir. Les sciences de la terre et du vivant, de la santé, les sciences sociales et économiques, les humanités et les lettres produisent des enquêtes, des analyses et des contre-récits sans lesquels nous ne saurions rien aujourd’hui des véritables conséquences de l’atome sur les sociétés, les milieux de vie et les populations, humaines et autres qu’humaines.
C’est pourquoi nous, femmes et hommes scientifiques, médecins, enseignants, ingénieurs, universitaires et chercheurs lançons cet appel à refuser tout nouveau programme nucléaire. A un choix imposé qui engagerait notre avenir sur le très long terme, nous opposons la nécessité d’élaborer démocratiquement et de manière décentralisée, à partir des territoires et des besoins, des propositions de rupture pour des politiques de sobriété, de transition énergétique, et de justice écologique.
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東電が謝罪 取り返しつかない被害viaしんぶん赤旗
東京電力福島第1原発事故をめぐって避難指示が出ていなかった福島県いわき市に居住していた住民が東電と国に損害賠償を求めた「いわき市民訴訟」の原告団に対し東電は17日、いわき市内で謝罪しました。同種の訴訟で東電の謝罪の場が設けられたのは3件目。
同訴訟の控訴審判決は3月10日、仙台高裁であり、国の責任を認めず、東電に対し計3億2660万円の支払いを命じました。東電が上告を断念したため、東電に支払いを命じた判決は確定。原告団・弁護団が東電に「真摯(しんし)な謝罪」を求めていました。
出席した東電の福島復興本社の高原一嘉代表は小早川智明社長の謝罪文を代読。小早川社長は「先の見通しのつかない不安や知覚できない放射線被ばくに対する恐怖や不安」などによって「取り返しのつかない被害および混乱を及ぼしてしまった」として「心から謝罪いたします」と述べています。
また謝罪文では、3月の仙台高裁判決について「判決文のご指摘について、真摯に受け止めており」として、「防ぐべき事故を防げなかったことについて深く反省する」と述べています。
謝罪文を受け取った原告団長の伊東達也さん(82)は、判決文の指摘を真摯に受け止める旨は「多とします」と述べるとともに、津波対策を先送りした東電の対応を「経営上の判断を優先」させたなどと指弾した判決の指摘の一部でも謝罪文にないのは「真摯な態度と言えない」と指摘。事故を二度と起こさない誓いを最優先で実践することなどを東電に求めました。
原告の阿部節子さん(67)は「原発事故は多くの夢を奪い、不安を与え、福島をバラバラにしました」と述べ、東電に「原発事故の責任をしっかり果たして」と訴えました。高原代表は、2人の言葉を小早川社長に伝えると述べました。
謝罪後の原告団・弁護団の会見で、伊東団長は「事故の教訓をどう加害者が自分のものにしているかが、いわき市や福島県の復旧・復興にとって大切なことだ」といい、原告の思いを伝えたことで「一歩ステップアップした」と述べました。