The concept of Iranian nationality had become a more visible discourse since 1890s and mostly during the Tobacco Movement. The Iranian Constitutional Revolution emerged in 1906 with the slogan of “Iran for all Iranians.” Where were the non-Muslims located in this situation? This paper introduces the situation of four major non-Muslim communities—Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians and Baha’is—in Iran between 1890-1911. At the local level, it studies the daily life of the members of these communities and their interactions with the greater Muslim society. At the national level, it explores the ways Iranian citizenship was defined for non-Muslims. Finally, at the international level, it examines the economic, social and political relationship between Iran and Western countries concerning its non-Muslim population. It also introduces the missionary institutions in Iran and some discourses on these activities.