「日本のメディアは腐っている!」海洋放出の“真の理由”、小出裕章さんが熱弁 via Yahoo!ニュースJapan

志葉玲

 福島第一原発からの放射性物質を含む大量の水を海に放出する―いわゆる「処理水」の海洋放出をめぐっては、中国側の日本産海産物の輸入停止措置への反発もあり、日本のメディアの報道は、明らかに冷静さを欠いていると言えるだろう。中国への批判のみならず、海洋放出に疑問を呈する日本国内の著名人や野党政治家などを吊し上げにするような記事が、連日のように掲載されている。こうした記事には「ファクトチェック」と称したものもあるが、その「ファクト(事実)」は矮小化され、あくまで政府や東電の主張を踏襲するだけのものであり、いわゆる「処理水」の海洋放出の構造的な問題への批判的分析が無い報道は、より「大きな嘘」を支えてすらいるのではないか。こうした中、元京都大学原子炉実験所助教で、脱原発の著書が多数ある小出裕章さんが、海洋放出の背景にある政府や東電等の「動機」について語った。

今月18日、代々木公園(東京都渋谷区)で開催された、脱原発と温暖化対策を求める「ワタシのミライ イベント&パレード」でのトークセッションで小出さんは、率先として「処理水」という言葉を使う日本のメディアに対し「腐りきっている」と批判。また、そもそも、いわゆる「処理水」―これ以降、地の文では「処理汚染水」と表記する―を海洋放出する必要は無かったことを指摘した。「汚染水を溜めるタンクの置き場所が無く、海洋放出するしかなかったと政府や東電が主張するが、第二原発の広大な敷地があるし、福島第一原発の周辺には国が中間貯蔵施設として確保した広大な土地があるので、新たにタンクを作るなんてことは容易なことで汚染水を海に流さないことは簡単なことだ」(小出さん)

〇海洋放出の「真の理由」とは?

 処理汚染水については、陸上保管という代替案もあったのに、何故、政府や東電はあくまで海洋放出ありきで突き進んだのか。小出さんは海洋放出と日本の原子力政策との関係を指摘する。「原発の使用済み核燃料を、現在、青森県六ケ所村に建設中の六ケ所再処理工場で、再処理し、(核燃料として使える)プルトニウムを取り出し、残りは『核のゴミ』とするというのが、日本の原子力政策の根幹。しかし、トリチウムという放射性物質は取り除くことができないので、海へと放出することになる。六ケ所再処理工場では毎年800トンの核燃料を処理して、それに含まれていたトリチウムは全て海へ流されるが、もし、福島第一原発からのトリチウムを含む汚染水を海に放出できないとなると、六ケ所村再処理工場を動かせなくなり、日本の原子力政策は根幹から崩壊する」(小出さん)

 小出さんの言うように、六ケ所再処理工場は、原発からの使用済み核燃料を再処理し、ウランとプルトニウムを取り出し、燃料加工工場でMOX燃料にして、再び原発(軽水炉)で使用するという「核燃料サイクル」の中核を担う施設だ。¥「。。。」

 もっとも、当初は1997年に完成するはずの六ケ所再処理工場だが、試運転中にトラブルが相次ぐなどして、その完成は延期を繰り返され、現在もいつ完成するか定かではない。例え、六ケ所再処理工場が完成したとしても、膨大な量のトリチウム等の放射性物質を環境中に放出し続けることになり、周囲への影響が懸念される。海外の事例では、ラ・アーグ再処理工場(フランス)やセラフィールド再処理工場(イギリス)の周辺での白血病の増加等の健康問題、魚介類の汚染等が報告されている。こうした問題は、国内外の報道でよく知られることであるが、今、日本の政府や東電、メディアが「放射性物質を海に流しても安全」とのキャンペーンを張っていることが、六ケ所再処理工場の稼働の地ならしになるというのが、小出さんの懸念するところなのだ。

〇日本の原子力の実態からの報道が必要

 小出さんは、処理汚染水の海洋放出の危険性もさることながら、より本質的な問題として、「原子力を許すかどうかという、根本的な問題に絡んでいく戦いが、今、行われている」と訴えた。こうした小出さんの訴えに、筆者も強く共感する。報道に関わるメディア人各氏は、日本のこれまでの原子力政策の問題点や、その中で実際に起きてきたことからの視点で、処理汚染水の海洋放出を論じるべきなのだろう。

(了)

*以下、本稿の本筋とは離れるが、脱原発を求める諸団体と、温暖化対策を求める諸団体が一緒になってイベントとパレードを行ったことの意義は大変大きいと筆者は感じる。これまで、特に市民団体系の脱原発運動の中には、政府や電力会社等の「温暖化対策には原発が必要」という主張に反発し、温暖化そのものを「原発業界の陰謀」と主張する人が少なからずいて、運動の中で影響力のある人の中にもこうした温暖化懐疑論を主張する人がいた。 

 だが、今回のイベントでは、反原発運動のレジェンドとも言える小出さんが、スウェーデンの環境運動家グレタ・トゥーンベリさんに呼応し温暖化防止を求める若者達「FridaysForFutureTokyo」のメンバーと共に登壇した。再生可能エネルギーの活用や省エネなど、脱原発と温暖化対策は両立する。そうした相互の協力への道が今回のイベントで開かれたと言えるだろう。

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小学校の裏に「放射性物質を含むガス」排出口 ウラン鉱山の名残はいまなお市街地周辺に…健康影響は?via 東京新聞

 赤茶けた岩盤や奇岩が広がる景勝地「アーチーズ国立公園」への玄関口である米西部ユタ州のモアブ。国内外からの観光客でにぎわうこの町は数十年前までウラン産業の中心地として栄え、米国の核兵器開発を支えた。町外れでは1984年までウランを抽出していた工場の跡地で浄化作業が続き、周辺には休止状態の鉱山が散在する。

◆「こんなことが長年許されていたなんて」

 モアブから南に約40キロ、車で20分ほどのラ・サル小学校では、校庭から400メートルほど離れた荒野に、色あせた鉄塔「ビーバー・シャフト」がたたずむ。ラ・サル鉱山群の地下坑道にラドンなど放射性物質を含むガスが充満しないよう、外部に排出するための換気ダクトだ。2012年まで稼働していたという。

 「山を背にしているためガスは山おろしの風に乗って学校に向かう」。モアブの非営利団体「ウラニウム・ウオッチ」のサラ・フィールズが解説する。「こんなことが長年許されていたなんてどうかしている」。付近には小学校のほかに商店や民家も点在する。空間放射線量は毎時0.43マイクロシーベルトほどで、日本政府が東京電力福島第一原発事故後の除染の目安とする0.23マイクロシーベルトを上回っていた。

 近くには、ほかにも休止状態の採掘場が残され、過去の採掘で出た残滓ざんしの処理場も点在する。純度の低いウラン鉱石や砂利などがむき出しのまま積み上げられ、スノーボール鉱山の処理場の空間放射線量は毎時1.43マイクロシーベルトの高い値だ。

 処理場には簡単に近づくことができ、取材中にも男性2人が四輪バギーで通りかかった。フィールズは「ラ・サル鉱山群は、ユタ州で地域社会に最も近接した鉱山だ」と指摘し、環境や健康への影響を懸念する。

◆問題は放置され、操業再開の懸念も

 ユタ州保健局が18年にまとめた報告書によると、1980〜2014年にモアブと隣町スパニッシュ・バレーでは、特に男性の肺がんと気管支がんの発生率が高かった。原因は特定していないが、喫煙などとともに、ラドンやウランの影響も要因の一つとして挙げられている。

 「政府は残滓の問題を解決せずに立ち去った」。環境保護団体ヒール・ユタのメラニー・ホールはかつて国策としてウラン産業を後押しした政府を批判する。

 さらにラ・サル鉱山群などで操業再開の兆しがあり、同団体のレキシー・タデンハムは危機感を募らせる。米国は現在、ウランの大部分を輸入に頼り、21年には輸入の14%はロシア産だった。米国は、ウクライナに侵攻したロシアの資金源を絶つため経済制裁を科しており、ウランも制裁対象になれば、再び国内生産に目が向くことになる。

[…]

(ユタ州で、吉田通夫、写真も)

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東北大新拠点、浪江を軸に検討 3年後にも設置、エフレイ連携視野via福島民友

 東北大は22日、浜通りに設置する意向を示していた研究開発や人材育成、産学官連携の機能を持つ新たな拠点について、浪江町を軸に立地先を検討する方針を表明した。早ければ3年後に設置し、福島国際研究教育機構(エフレイ)との連携も視野に入れる。同大は国の多額支援を受けて世界最高の研究水準を目指す「国際卓越研究大学」の認定候補に唯一選ばれており、国内外から学生や研究者らが集う新拠点が設置されれば、浜通り全体の活性化が期待される。

同大と町が役場で連携協定を締結し、終了後の報道陣の取材に明らかにした。同大副理事の湯上浩雄グリーン未来創造機構長は「まちづくりに貢献するイノベーション(技術革新)の人材を育成する場をつくる」と説明した。

 拠点は同大の学生を主体に研究者らが短期滞在するほか、エフレイや企業関係者、同大が連携する海外の大学関係者らの来訪を見込む。一度に100人以上が利用できる規模を検討する。具体的な場所や規模は町などとの協議で詰める。

 同大は2022年3月、復興への貢献を目的に県と包括連携協定を締結。本県で新たな社会的価値を創造する「Fサイエンスパーク構想」を掲げてきた。湯上氏は「福島復興への貢献は、国際卓越研究大学として大きな柱と位置付けている。新しい地域社会のモデルをつくり、世界最先端の福島の姿を国内外に発信するお手伝いをしたい」と語った。

 吉田栄光町長は「町民の帰還意欲醸成や人材育成、産業振興、雇用創出など、浜通り全体の復興に相乗効果を発揮してほしい」と要望。学生ら若い人材が行き交う地域の将来像にも強い期待感を示した。

 協定は〈1〉福島・国際研究産業都市(イノベーション・コースト)構想の推進〈2〉産学官連携による地域経済の復興・再生〈3〉復興まちづくり、人材育成―などについて連携し、東日本大震災と東京電力福島第1原発事故からの復興を図るとした。

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A strategy of concealment via Beyond Nuclear International

By Kolin Kobayashi

Agencies that promote nuclear power are quietly managing its disaster narrative

This year marks the 13th year since the Fukushima accident began, yet the path to a conclusion is by no means clear. The declaration of a state of emergency still cannot be lifted because of the various dangers and difficulties that have arisen. Despite this, Prime Minister Kishida’s government is doing more than ever to promote nuclear power as a basic energy source. This approach is similar to that of the French administration, which is also trying to promote nuclear energy as a dual-use nuclear weapon.

The international nuclear lobby, which represents only a minority, has the influence and money to dominate the world’s population with immense power and has now united the world’s minority nuclear community into one big galaxy. Many of the citizens who have experienced the world’s three most serious civil nuclear accidents have clearly realized that nuclear energy is too dangerous. These citizens are so divided and conflicted that they feel like a helpless minority. 

The current situation with the Fukushima accident

Let’s start with the total amount of radiation that the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant still contains today. The spent fuel at the site contains 85 times more cesium-137 than Chornobyl and 50,000 to 100,000 times more than the Hiroshima bomb. 

The fuel is still stored in pools on the top floor of the reactor buildings (30 metres above ground), with the exception of Unit 3, the removal of which was completed in 2019. 

Now, although 12 years have passed, the precise program for future decommissioning is unclear.  While the approximate overall radiation levels are known, the buildings and reactors themselves, where the decommissioning and dismantling work will take place, are highly radioactive and cannot be easily penetrated by workers. 

The true extent of the accident is not known, nor is the exact state of dispersion of the corium (the molten magma from the nuclear fuel rods in the reactor core). In Unit 1, for example, it is clear from the images taken by a robot that many parts of the circular concrete foundation supporting the pressure vessel have been damaged by the high heat of the corium. There is a significant risk of collapse in the event of a strong earthquake, and if the 440-tonne vessel collapses, it could hit the storage pool next to it. If this pool is damaged, even partially, another major disaster could occur.

Release of contaminated water

The amount of contaminated water is increasing all the time, as water continues to flow to cool the corium. Currently, around 90 tonnes of contaminated water are being added to the tanks every day. There are currently more than 1,000 tanks, and TEPCO says they will be full by February next year. 

TEPCO had promised not to release water without the consent of local communities and fishermen, but this promise was not kept. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) dispatched a team of experts to investigate whether the radioactivity levels of the contaminated water treated by TEPCO met the international safety standards set by the IAEA, and the final report was submitted to the government on July 4. On the basis of this report, the Japanese government decided to release the water and began discharging water into the Pacific Ocean on August 24, releasing 7,800 tons in 17 days. 

However, the IAEA does not have the scientific authority to make reference to the ecological impact of this water discharge, nor has it carried out such a long-term assessment. It is more of a political decision than a scientific one.

[…]

Ordinary citizens trust international organizations simply because they hear about them in UN reports. But the IAEA is constantly working to promote nuclear energy. The effects of radiation are trivialized or denied, as if they were not a problem, merely a manageable danger for nuclear power plants. 

The effects of radiation are grossly underestimated. The data base on which the IAEA relies is that of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, collected by the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission. These data are totally incomplete. They do not take into account people who were exposed to radiation more than 2 km from the hypocenters, people who entered the cities after the bombs were dropped, and people who were exposed to radiation from black rain in distant areas. In other words, low-dose radiation exposure is completely ignored.

The French nuclear mullahs are at the heart of this international lobby. In particular, they are engaged in a communication strategy that consists of underestimating, trivializing or denying the effects of radiation, and insisting that it is possible to live with radiation in contaminated areas. In other words, a strategy of concealment. 

The famous Ethos project, which ran in Belarus from 1996 to 2001, ten years after the Chornobyl accident, seemed to be helping the population, but in fact it was consolidating the theory of acceptance of radiation. Jacques Lochard, former director of the CEPN (Centre d’étude sur l’Evaluation de la protection dans le domaine Nucléaire) in France, who carried out this project, quickly showed up in Fukushima in November 2011 and implemented the same strategy in a different form.

Lochard is the perfect example of the constantly revolving door among individuals from organizations that promote nuclear power and those involved in radiation protection. These circumstances are totally unknown to ordinary citizens.

The CEPN is an association with only four members: the CEA (Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), EDF (Électricité de France), Areva/Orano and the IRSN (Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire). In other words, it is the embodiment of the French nuclear lobby and manages the French nuclear lobby’s communication on radiation protection. 

The Chornobyl Ethos project and the CORE and SAGE projects that followed it, were organized and carried out by Lochard, now retired but appointed as a visiting professor at the Institute of Atomic Bomb Disease at Nagasaki University, and his right-hand man, Thierry Schneider. They have become respectable points of reference for the European Commission as a means of dealing with a nuclear accident. 

The methods initiated by this minority of promoters will be imposed, with authority and money, on those who are victims of a future serious nuclear accident in Europe. According to this philosophy, there is no need to evacuate. We can live happily with radiation, even in contaminated areas.

In this way, the French nuclear lobby, in cooperation with the International Commission on Radiological Protection, the IAEA-UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) and others, can assure us that we can overcome a serious nuclear accident, by simply adapting to radiation exposure. The phrase “let’s hope people have the strength to bounce back” is repeated. The word “resilience” has become a key word in this milieu.

But in Belarus and Ukraine, 37years after the Chornobyl nuclear disaster, 60% to 80% of children are still ill from the radiation resulting from Chornobyl. In Fukushima too, there are those 300 or more cases of thyroid cancer. The Japanese authorities still insist that in the case of Fukushima, the causal relationship between cancer and radiation is not yet known. This is despite the fact that this was admitted in the case of Chornobyl. It can therefore be said that at Chornobyl, as at Fukushima, the reality of the effects of radiation caused by the accidents is still not officially recognized.

France has clearly stated that nuclear weapons and nuclear power are the two wheels of the car, and President Macron has insisted that a total of 15 nuclear power plants will be built by 2050. Japan has also declared that it will continue to develop nuclear power plants in collaboration with France. 

However, it is clear from the outset that if we continue to develop nuclear power plants, nuclear waste will continue to accumulate. At present, the storage pools at every nuclear power plant site — whether in Japan or France — are approaching the limit of their full capacity. However, no reliable method for the final disposal of high-level nuclear waste has yet been established.

In this way, the lessons of Chornobyl and Fukushima are not being applied at all, but rather, the actual health hazards are being covered up. Any so-called cleanup projects are being carried out for the sake of immediate interests only. In the end, they are forcing the victims to endure radiation exposure and ultimately abandoning them. This is because of the cover-up strategy of the international nuclear lobby in the background.

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応じないと非国民? 岸田政権が旗を振る「国民運動」に違和感 国産水産物の風評被害を招いたのはそもそも via 東京新聞

 東京電力福島第1原発事故に伴う処理水の放出開始後、中国の禁輸の影響で、日本産水産物の売り上げ減が懸念されている。国内の消費拡大に躍起になるのが岸田政権。閣僚が試食し、「食べて応援」をアピールするだけではない。市井の人々を取り込む「国民運動」も進める。これには釈然としない思いが湧く。水産業界の苦境を招いたのは岸田政権なのに、国民が駆り出されるのか。応じないと非国民扱いされないか。(曽田晋太郎、安藤恭子)

◆自衛隊で食材利用、自ら試食、自民党ではホタテカレー

 「政府全体として日本産水産物の国内消費拡大に取り組んでいきたいと思っており、わが国の水産物の消費拡大にご協力願いたい」

 野村哲郎農相は8日の記者会見でこう述べ、省庁の食堂で日本産ホタテなどを使用したメニューを追加するよう閣議で協力を求めたと明らかにした。

 浜田靖一防衛相も同日に記者会見。全国の自衛隊の駐屯地や基地で提供する食事に日本産水産物を積極活用する考えを示した。

[…]

 岸田文雄首相や西村康稔経済産業相、渡辺博道復興相らは東京・豊洲市場や被災地を訪れるなどし、主に福島県産の魚を試食して安全性をアピール。経産省福島復興推進グループ総合調整室の担当者は「日本産水産物の消費を全国に広げる活動の一つ。首相や大臣が発信することに意味がある」と強調する。

 小泉進次郎元環境相は、福島県南相馬市の海岸で子どもたちとサーフィンをした後、地元で水揚げされた魚を試食と報じられた。5日にあった自民党の水産部会・水産総合調査会合同会議では、北海道産ホタテを使ったカレーが昼食として提供されている。

◆さらにCMなど予定「現時点で具体的な費用をはじくのは難しい」

 そもそも岸田政権は、海洋放出前から国内消費拡大の方策をまとめていた。

 8月22日の関係閣僚会議では行動計画を改定。テレビCMやネット動画などを活用したPR、学校現場で文部科学省の「放射線副読本」を使った理解醸成、インフルエンサーや著名人、日本サーフィン連盟に協力を依頼しての情報発信などを盛り込む。

[…]

◆対策1番目が「国民運動」…担当者は「あくまで協力要請」と説明

[…]

 水産物の輸出額のうち、中国と香港の合計で4割を占める。年額でいえば1600億円。海洋放出に伴う全面禁輸の打撃は甚大だ。そんな中で岸田政権は今月4日、「『水産業を守る』政策パッケージ」を発表。その最初の項目には、国内消費拡大に向けた「国民運動」の展開が掲げられた。

 国民運動とは果たして何を意味するのか。

 経産省福島復興推進グループ総合調整室の担当者は、ふるさと納税の返礼メニューの活用などを挙げた上で「国内での消費拡大の機運を高め、その流れを全国に広めるのが狙い」と説明する。「特定の国への輸出に依存していた部分が大きい日本産水産物を国内で消費し、水産業を守る取り組みの一環。あくまで協力要請」と述べる。

 国民運動については、5日の自民党部会でも盛り上げるべきだとの声が上がった。出席した議員の一人は「風評被害が起きないように皆で正しく理解しようとする方策だ」と語る。

 別の議員は「日本は正しいことをしていると世界にアピールする活動の一つだ」と説明する。

◆「海洋放出も『食べて応援』されるのも勝手に決められたこと」

[…]

福島原発事故の問題を取材しているフリーライターの吉田千亜さんは「海洋放出も、『食べて応援』されるのも、福島の人たちからすれば勝手に決められたこと。理不尽だという思いが募っている。でも政府のキャンペーンに疑問を呈せば『非国民』『風評加害者』とみなされるので、被害者は黙るしかない」と物言えぬ福島の空気を憂える。

 日本政府は今月5日、日本の水産関係者を支援する経費として本年度の予備費から207億円を支出すると閣議決定した。風評被害対策300億円、漁業継続支援500億円の基金と合わせ計1007億円の対策となる。

◆被害も負担も国民が引き受ける? 識者「東京電力に求償すべき」

 大島堅一・龍谷大教授(環境経済学)は「中国の禁輸で、全国の漁業者が被害を受け、その支援を税金でまかなうことになる。さらに国民全体で被害も負担も引き受けるというのは筋違い」と指摘し、事業者の責任を定める原子力損害賠償法に基づき、国は事故を起こした東電に求償すべきだと述べる。

 さらに「環境の影響を受ける他国などとの協議は国際原子力機関(IAEA)の国際安全基準でも定めている」と述べ、7月に公表された包括報告書でもその旨が記されていると解説。「中国の反発を『想定外』としながら、『食べて応援』を呼びかけるのは不誠実だ」と話す。

◆日本の魚を食べて中国に勝つ?

 協議の乏しさが露呈する中、複数の全国紙の今月6、7日付朝刊では「保守派の論客」とされるジャーナリスト、桜井よしこさんが理事長を務める公益財団法人の意見広告が掲載された。

 「日本の魚を食べて中国に勝とう」

[…]

◆「意見を調整できないまま、陳腐なキャンペーンで社会を分断」

 そもそも物価高で、国内の消費は厳しい。総務省が発表した7月の家計調査によると、1世帯(2人以上)当たりの消費支出は28万1736円。物価変動の影響を除く実質で前年同月を5.0%下回った。支出の3割ほどを占める「食料」の支出も切り詰められ、魚介類は前年同月比11.9%減と落ち込んだ。「国内で魚の消費を増やすのは現実的でない。勝者なんてどこにもいない」(早川さん)

[…]

◆デスクメモ

 関係者の理解を得ずに話が進む。唐突に国民運動が始まる。政府の非は棚上げされたまま、運動の目的として「他国に勝つ」が掲げられる。私たちは何に巻き込まれているのか。わけが分からぬ状況。こうして戦時動員されるのか。まだ歯止めはかけられる。国民が良識を示さねば。(榊)

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The Discharge of Fukushima’s Radioactive Water could be a Precedent for Similar Actions via Dianuke

SEPTEMBER 7, 2023

By Pinar Demircan

Underlying the disregard for objections from global civil society and transforming the ocean into a nuclear waste dump lies a bigger goal inspired by capitalist practices that arise from its crisis: to achieve another threshold by normalization of cost-cutting measures for the sake of the nuclear industry.

While the climate crisis is rapidly turning forests and habitats of living creatures into coal and ash with a tiny spark of fire in Turkiye, Greece, and Canada, the planet’s seas, already polluted with plastics and waste, are also being recklessly infused with radioactivity, driven by profit and cost-centered policies. On August 24, within the framework of the procedures carried out by the Japanese government and TEPCO, the discharge of 1.34 million tonnes of radioactive water which is accumulated in tanks at the plant site, started.

The installation of a treatment system costing 23 million USD, the discharge of wastewater without an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is being realized by foregoing safer alternatives such as solidification of wastewater into construction materials or long-term storage costing 100 times more that constitutes ecocide. Clearly, this method of release that is expected to be carried out over the next 40 years, indicates a systemic assault on the global ecosystem that is longer and more severe than presently apparent.

[…]

A detail that has been overlooked till today is that there is no information regarding the amount of discharge during this 40-year time frame for the disposal of radioactive water into the ocean. This might indicate that the discharged amount may even be equivalent to the period of, for example, 100 years despite the declared duration of 40. In addition, since the present objections have been disregarded, it is worth considering the potential impact of future oppositions at the end of the 40 years.

A threshold to be achieved

Apparently, over the next decade, the radioactive water discharged from Fukushima is anticipated to disseminate into multiple seas worldwide, encompassing the Marmara, Mediterranean, Aegean, and Black Sea, which surrounds Turkiye. A recent scientific study [2] suggests that the evaporation in these seas will escalate industrial radioactivity levels in the ecosystem. Given this backdrop, it is important to ask why TEPCO, the Japanese government, and the IAEA continue to disregard the adverse impacts of the discharge, which also makes them responsible for the potential increases in cancer, DNA damage, increased miscarriages, hormone imbalances, and unhealthy future generations worldwide? Underlying the disregard for objections raised by global civil society, and transforming the ocean into a nuclear waste dump, lies a bigger goal inspired by capitalist practices that arise from its crisis: to achieve another threshold of the normalization of cost-cutting measures for the sake of nuclear industry.

How can we be sure of the exact amount to be released?

It is also possible to consider the above statement with the possibility of adding wastewater from the other nuclear power plants across Japan to the already 1 million 340 thousand tonnes of water accumulated over the past 12 years at Fukushima. While nuclear power plants operate under higher costs and have to cope with four times cheaper renewable energy production costs, the ocean dumping of the radioactive wastewater offers an easy solution for the nuclear industry. Crossing this threshold guarantees the capability to manage climate-induced hazards to nuclear facilities since now, societal consent has been obtained for this plan of action. Imagine how beneficial this course of action will be for the nuclear industry, with the IAEA promising its support for the industry – to the 410 reactors operating worldwide, approximately 50 reactors under construction, and 80 reactors [3] in various stages of maintenance, repair, decommissioning, and dismantling.

Take for example, Rosatom of Russia, the owner of the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant which reached its final stage of construction for the first reactor in Turkiye. It has a long history of concealing the Mayak nuclear power plant accident, well into the 1990s. Furthermore, from 1948 to 2004, Rosatom discharged nuclear waste into the Techa River, thus reinforcing its already questionable track record, and also points to how the legalization of nuclear discharge might be beneficial for the industry. It is also easy to predict the potential impact of this approach in the Mediterranean region by a nation with an underdeveloped democratic system and institutional dynamics dominated [4] by political power. This is especially important since an exemption made for the Akkuyu NPP in the article which allows for the discharge water from the facilities around the Mediterranean temperature of the plant and allows the sea temperature to reach up to 35 Celsius and poses serious ecological challenges indicating that Turkiye violates Barcelona Agreement.

[…]

It is noteworthy to mention that the IAEA’s involvement in the nuclear industry stems from a confidential agreement WHA 12-40 [6] with the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1959, stating that “whenever either organization proposes to initiate a programme or activity on a subject in which the other organization has or may have a substantial interest, the first party shall consult the other with a view to adjusting the matter by mutual agreement”. Consequently, the IAEA, established to promote the growth of nuclear power plants worldwide, refrained from disclosing any potential health hazards posed by these plants.

Obviously, it would be misleading to rely on the IAEA’s statements suggesting that radioactive wastewater does not pose any risk to global health. This information strengthens the likelihood that the IAEA did not reveal valid and precise radiation data regarding the Chornobyl accident and Zaporizhia nuclear power plant during the ongoing Ukrainian war either.

[…]

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We are all Hibakusha via Beyond Nuclear International

M.V. Ramana

The front page of the Times of India of August 7, 1945, carried the headline World’s deadliest bomb hits Japan: Carries blast power of 20,000 tons of TNT. For millions around the world, headlines of that sort would have been their first intimation of the process of nuclear fission on a large scale.

But, a careful stratigrapher, who studies layers in the soil or rock, might be able to discern that, in fact, nuclear fission had occurred in July 1945. The stratigrapher would just have to look for plutonium at Crawford Lake in Ontario, Canada, the site proposed as the “golden spike” spot to mark the start of the Anthropocene (recognising the problems with its definition as highlighted in Down To Earth’s interview with Amitav Ghosh).

What happened in July 1945 was, of course, Trinity, the world’s first nuclear weapon test, now familiar to many through the film Oppenheimer. A group of researchers recently reconstructed how the plutonium released during that explosion would have been transported by the wind. They calculated that direct radioactive fallout from that test would have reached Crawford Lake within four days of the test, “on July 20, 1945 before peaking on July 22, 1945”.

Since Crawford Lake is nearly 3,000 kilometres from the Trinity test site in New Mexico, it stands to reason that many other places would also have received radioactive fallout from the Trinity test. Now consider the fact that there have been at least 528 nuclear weapon tests around the world that took place above the ground, plus the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki—and you can easily imagine how radioactive fallout must have fallen practically everywhere, whether on land or in the oceans.

Not included in the abovementioned list of 528 is the debated 1979 “Vela incident” that most likely involved an Israeli nuclear weapon test with help from South Africa. It is described as debated only because political elites in the United States, whose Vela satellite 6911 detected a double-flash of light that is characteristic of nuclear explosions, did not want to impose sanctions on Israel.

In 2018, two scientists collected a range of evidence consistent with such a nuclear test, importantly cases of radioactive element iodine-131 that was found in the thyroids of some sheep in 1979—in the south east part of Australia, across the oceans. Again, proof that radioactive fallout from nuclear weapon tests spread out globally.

But it is not just nuclear weapons tests. Accidents at nuclear power plants, too, have produced radioactive fallout that has contaminated the peoples of the world. Radioactive cesium released by the 1986 Chernobyl reactor explosion was found in multiple countries across Western Europe. Yet again, sheep, this time in England, Scotland and Wales, were contaminated, and for a time scientists could not even understand the behaviour of the radioactive cesium that the sheep were ingesting.

[…]

Even without nuclear weapons explosions and reactor accidents, people around the world are exposed to radioactive materials—from reprocessing plants. These facilities chemically process the irradiated spent fuel from nuclear power plants, while also producing very large volumes of liquid and gaseous radioactive effluents. These effluents are released into the air; exposure to these constitutes the largest component of the radiation dose to “members of the public from radionuclides released in effluents from the nuclear fuel cycle”.

[…]

But underground nuclear weapon tests do, sometimes, vent, releasing radioactive materials into the air. After the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963, all US nuclear weapons tests were designed to completely contain the radioactivity underground. Nevertheless, 105 of them vented radioactive materials into the atmosphere. A further 287 tests had “operational releases” whereby radioactivity was released during routine post-test activities. Similarly, several hundred underground nuclear weapons explosions at the Novaya Zemlya test site in the Soviet Union released radioactivity into the atmosphere.

Radioactive materials from these releases spread far and wide. In 1970, radioactive materials vented during the Baneberry test were detected as far as Canada; but Canadian diplomats told US officials that “they had no intention to make a formal protest or to conceive of the event as a violation” of the Limited Test Ban Treaty.

[…]

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Didier Anger’s Message against the release of radioactive water from Fukushima via Yosomono-net

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Revisiting the “inalienable right” via Beyond Nuclear International

Austria cautions against nuclear power in the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

The following is a statement delivered by George-Wilhelm Gallhofer, diplomat at the Austrian Mission to the United Nations, on behalf of the Government of Austria, on 8 August 2023, during the First Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2025 Review Conference of the Non-Proliferation Treaty in Vienna, Austria.

Austria fully respects the inalienable right of all Parties to the NPT to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. At the same time, Austria calls on all States to limit “the further development of the applications of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes” to those applications not raising concerns for possible military applications. This is specifically laid out in Art. IV of the NPT, which simultaneously requires conformity with Article I and II.

In this regard, we see the use of nuclear power differing significantly from any other application of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Any expansion of nuclear power necessarily increases the risk of proliferation while applications in health, agriculture, imaging and physical measurement do usually not raise this risk.

For this reason, full scope safeguards and ideally an Additional Protocol must accompany each nuclear program.

Let me also caution against advertising nuclear power as an appropriate source of electricity to combat negative climate effects and answer to the climate crises. The comparatively low CO2 emissions of nuclear power do not compensate for disadvantages inevitably connected to nuclear power. Let me give you three examples:

1) The safe and permanent disposal of spent nuclear fuel is still unresolved. To date, not a single repository for such waste is in operation worldwide. Even if such repositories were to become operational in the foreseeable future, today’s knowledge cannot guarantee the safe enclosure required for hundred thousands of years.

2) We cannot completely exclude severe accidents from nuclear power plants involving large and early releases of radionuclides with significant adverse consequences, including contamination even on the territory of other countries.

3) There is only a limited supply of uranium and thorium available and a nuclear “fuel cycle” does not exist so far. If there would be such a cycle, it would trigger more challenges regarding safety, security and safeguards.

This list is by far not exhaustive but underlines my previous point: Austria does not consider nuclear power to be compatible with the concept of sustainable development. In our view, reliance on nuclear power is neither a viable nor a cost-efficient option to combat climate change. Both the polluter-pays principle and the precautionary principle are grossly violated in nuclear power use.

Let me reiterate that Austria regards technical cooperation as an integral part of its activities. While we retain reservations about nuclear energy generation, we fully support the activities in the wider area of non-power applications of peaceful nuclear science and technology.

In this regard, we would like to highlight our continued support for the ongoing modernization of the IAEA nuclear applications laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria, under ReNuAL2. We are glad to see the work on this program continuously progressing.

Austria further welcome approaches to establish comprehensive and ambitious international nuclear safety standards and guidance that prioritize nuclear safety. In addition, we urge States to maintain nuclear safety of existing nuclear power plants, for example by adequately addressing physical aging. When deciding to engage in nuclear power production, nuclear safety needs to be the one of the main concerns at all times and continuous investments in its improvement have to be guaranteed.

In this regard, we are particularly grateful for the IAEA’s tireless efforts which culminated in DG Grossi’s presentation to the UN Security Council on establishing five concrete principles on nuclear safety and security at Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant based on the Seven Indispensable Pillars. In order to prevent a nuclear accident, Austria underlines the indispensable importance of due priority to nuclear safety and strongly supports these principles and their implementation.

Reports of military equipment and explosives being placed within the plant perimeter at ZNPP and direct shelling are extremely worrying. Nuclear power plants are not designed to withstand armed conflicts. Violating the “five principles” is inconsistent with the IAEA safety standards and nuclear security guidance and create additional psychological pressure on plant staff. 

Let me be clear, the attack on nuclear power plants or other nuclear facilities can have complex humanitarian consequences, rendering these acts illegitimate under international humanitarian law. We urge Russia to withdraw its military equipment and all personnel from the ZNPP, and return its full control to its rightful owner, Ukraine and to refrain from any further acts incompatible with international humanitarian law.

Therefore, Austria stands ready to continue its support for the Agency’s work in and on Ukraine. Nuclear safety and security issues are traditionally important to Austria and the extremely dangerous situation in Ukraine requires our particular attention. 

To this end, Austria has contributed one million euros for the IAEA mission for safety and security in Ukraine in order to effectively implement their mandate and help to enhance the safety and security situation on site.

To conclude, let me re-emphasize that Austria respects the sovereign and free choice of all States regarding their energy production. However, whenever our Austrian environment and people are potentially affected in a harmful manner, we will continue to raise our concerns.

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‘It’s a great day’: St. Louis activists encouraged by Biden’s support for radioactive waste victims via KSDK.com

Dawn Chapman and Karen Nickel, who lead the activist group Just Moms STL, said they’re optimistic but not letting up.

Author: Jim Salter (Associated Press)

Published: 11:58 AM CDT August 11, 2023

Updated: 11:58 AM CDT August 11, 2023

ST. LOUIS — St. Louis-area activists have been fighting for years to get government compensation for people with cancer and other serious illnesses potentially connected to Manhattan Project nuclear contamination. This week marked a major victory, with support coming from the president.

Uranium was processed in St. Louis starting at the onset of World War II as America raced to develop nuclear bombs. In July, reporting as part of an ongoing collaboration between The Missouri Independent, the nonprofit newsroom MuckRock and The Associated Press cited thousands of pages of documents indicating decades of nonchalance and indifference for the risks posed by uranium contamination. The government documents were obtained by outside researchers through the Freedom of Information Act and shared with the news organizations.

Since the news reports, bipartisan support has emerged to compensate those in St. Louis and elsewhere whose illnesses may be tied to nuclear fallout and contamination. On Wednesday, that support extended to President Joe Biden.

“I’m prepared to help in terms of making sure that those folks are taken care of,” Biden said during a visit to New Mexico.

[…]

St. Louis is far from alone in suffering the effects of the geographically scattered national nuclear program. Advocates have been trying for years to bring awareness to the lingering effects of radiation exposure on the Navajo Nation, where millions of tons of uranium ore were extracted over decades to support U.S. nuclear activities.

Months after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, Mallinckrodt Chemical Co. in St. Louis began processing uranium into a concentrated form that could be further refined elsewhere into the material that made it into weapons.

By the late-1940s, the government was trucking nuclear waste from the Mallinckrodt plant to a site near Lambert Airport. It was there that the waste was dumped into Coldwater Creek, contaminating a waterway that was a popular place for kids to play. Just last year, Jana Elementary School, which sits near the creek, was shut down over possible contamination, even though studies conducted by the Army Corps of Engineers found none.

In 1966, the Atomic Energy Commission demolished and buried buildings near the airport and moved the waste to another site, contaminating it, too. Documents cited by AP and the other news organizations showed that storage was haphazard and waste was spilled on roads but that mistakes were often ignored.

Uranium waste also was illegally dumped in West Lake Landfill, near the airport, in 1973. It’s still there.

[…]

Still, in 2019, the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry issued a report that found people who regularly played in Coldwater Creek as children from the 1960s to the 1990s may have a slight increased risk of bone cancer, lung cancer and leukemia. The agency determined that those exposed daily to the creek starting in the 2000s, when cleanup began, could have a small increased risk of lung cancer.

Many of those with direct connections to illnesses are far more convinced. Kyle Hedgpeth’s young daughter and niece both were diagnosed with cancer in 2020, within a month of each other. Both have since recovered.

Hedgpeth’s wife and her brother grew up near a creek that flows from the St. Charles County site. He believes they picked up something from exposure to the creek and passed it down to their girls.

Read more at ‘It’s a great day’: St. Louis activists encouraged by Biden’s support for radioactive waste victims via KSDK.com

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